Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Mamografia , Patologia/classificação , Patologia/métodos , Alergia e ImunologiaAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Endometriose/etiologia , Ovário/cirurgia , Mioma/ultraestruturaAssuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Endometriose/etiologia , Mioma/ultraestrutura , Ovário/cirurgiaAssuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Vulvares , Carcinoma in Situ , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , VulvaAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias Vulvares , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Carcinoma in Situ , VulvaRESUMO
DNA vaccines must induce a greater immune response to be effective in the biomedical industry. Therefore, we tested the trafficking trait of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) protein VP22 (BVP22) fused to an antigen and applied this unique trait to genetic immunization. DNA immunization with BVP22-antigen stimulates immune responses superior to that of standard DNA immunization. Mice were injected intramuscularly with gene constructs expressing the antigen yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), YFP fused to BVP22, or YFP fused to BHV-1 tegument protein VP16 (BVP16). The results revealed a significantly enhanced YFP antibody response with BVP22-YFP DNA immunization compared with either YFP or BVP16-YFP gene immunization. Notably, the BVP22-YFP DNA construct induced a stronger T helper 1 (Th1) response, based on IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokine levels, and IgG2a/IgG1 ratios. Furthermore, BVP22-YFP genetic immunization induced a greater cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. The genetic adjuvant properties of BVP22 can make DNA vaccines much more effective clinically.
Assuntos
Antígenos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Transferência de Genes , Terapia Genética/métodos , Vacinas de DNA , Proteínas Estruturais Virais/genética , Proteínas Estruturais Virais/metabolismo , Animais , Western Blotting , Linhagem Celular , Citocinas/metabolismo , DNA Complementar/metabolismo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde , Proteína Vmw65 do Vírus do Herpes Simples/genética , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Proteínas Luminescentes/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Plasmídeos/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , TransfecçãoRESUMO
Gene vaccines represent a new and promising approach to control infectious diseases, inducing a protective immune response in the appropriate host. Several routes and methods of genetic immunization have been shown to induce antibody production as well as T helper (Th) cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation. However, few studies have compared the nature of the immune responses generated by different gene vaccination delivery systems. In the present study we reviewed some aspects of immunity induced by gene immunization and compared the immune responses produced by intramuscular (i.m.) DNA injection to gene gun-mediated DNA transfer into the skin of BALB/c mice. Using a reporter gene coding for beta-galactosidase, we have demonstrated that i.m. injection raised a predominantly Th1 response with mostly IgG2a anti-beta gal produced, while gene gun immunization induced a mixed Th1/Th2 profile with a balanced production of IgG2a and IgG1 subclasses. Distinct types of immune responses were generated by different methods of gene delivery. These findings have important implications for genetic vaccine design. Firstly, a combination between these two systems may create optimal conditions for the induction of a broad-based immune response. Alternatively, a particular gene vaccine delivery method might be used according to the immune response required for host protection. Here, we describe the characteristics of the immune response induced by gene vaccination and the properties of DNA involved in this process.
Assuntos
Genes , Imunoterapia Ativa/métodos , Vacinas de DNA/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de DNA/imunologia , Animais , Biolística , Técnicas de Transferência de Genes , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
Gene vaccines represent a new and promising approach to control infectious diseases, inducing a protective immune response in the appropriate host. Several routes and methods of genetic immunization have been shown to induce antibody production as well as T helper (Th) cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation. However, few studies have compared the nature of the immune responses generated by different gene vaccination delivery systems. In the present study we reviewed some aspects of immunity induced by gene immunization and compared the immune responses produced by intramuscular (im) DNA injection to gene gun-mediated DNA transfer into the skin of BALB/c mice. Using a reporter gene coding for ß-galactosidase, we have demonstrated that im injection raised a predominantly Th1 response with mostly IgG2a anti-ßgal produced, while gene gun immunization induced a mixed Th1/Th2 profile with a balanced production of IgG2a and IgG1 subclasses. Distinct types of immune responses were generated by different methods of gene delivery. These findings have important implications for genetic vaccine design. Firstly, a combination between these two systems may create optimal conditions for the induction of a broad-based immune response. Alternatively, a particular gene vaccine delivery method might be used according to the immune response required for host protection. Here, we describe the characteristics of the immune response induced by gene vaccination and the properties of DNA involved in this process
