[Radiopaque oil chemical arterial embolization in treatment of pancreatic cancer].

The article is dedicated to a new method of treatment of pancreatic cancer, developed by researchers of St. Petersburg Research Institute of Roentgenology and Radiotherapy. The method consists in slowing down blood flow in the tumor by means of selective embolization of its arteries using a mixture of the chemiotherapeutic agent gemcitabine (Gemzar) in the oily radio-paque medium Lipodol Ultrafluid. Upon entering microcirculatory vessels, the agent diffuses into pancreatic tissue. This tumor chemoinfiltration provides prolonged contact between tumor tissue and the chemoembolization agent, thus allowing strong antitumor effect without high systemic toxicity. Experimental studies on 12 dogs have proved that oil arterial chemoembolization with lipiodol does not cause morphological changes in the pancreas, and is only manifested by short and reversible hyperenzymemia.

[Morphologic and morphometric characteristics of the femoral head in experimental necrosis and after incomplete occlusion of the femoral artery]. / Morfologicheskaia i morfometricheskaia kharakteristika golovki bedrennoi kosti pri ee éksperimental'nom nekroze i nepolnoi okkliuzii bedrennoi arterii.

Partial occlusion (by 70-80%) of the femoral artery (FA) below its bifurcation with the deep femoral one was created in 15 dogs 6 months after modeling of aseptic necrosis of femoral head (FH). The dynamics of local circulation was evaluated using the methods of hydrogen clearance, angiography, flowmetry, polarography and mingography. FA and neighboring vessels as well as FH bone tissue were studied using histological, histochemical and morphometric methods. It was found that partial occlusion of FA below its bifurcation with the deep femoral branch resulted after 180-240 days in a redistribution of blood flow in favor of the latter along with a formation of collateral vessel widening as well as in the change in the circulation vector in the direction of the hip joint. This contributed to FH revascularization after modeling of its traumatic aseptic necrosis. The results of the morphological analysis indicate the activation of osteogenesis and gradual replacement of the necrotic area in FH with a newly formed osseous tissue and are suggestive of possible application of this method for clinical use.

[Activity of the complement system in blood serum of dogs after treatment of acute necrotic pancreatitis with boiled pancreatic juice]. / Aktivnost' sistemy komplementa syvorotki krovi u sobak pri lechenii ostrogo nekroticheskogo pankreatita prokipiachennym podzheludochnym sokom.

The investigations were conducted on 14 dogs. To assess the blood serum complement system, the erythrocyte lytic rate of a rabbit (RE) and a sheep (SE), the hemolytic capacity of the complement system against rabbit (RH) and sheep (SH) was measured. In acute necrotic pancreatitis, no changes in SE and SH were revealed either in the control and experimental animals. RH was decreased both in the control and experimental animals. Lower RE was found only in the controls untreated with boiled pancreatic juice. It can be suggested that in the controls the decrease in the parameter RE that characterized the activity of the complement system is associated with the emergence of complement inhibitors, which did not take place when the boiled juice was given. Preventing the complement inhibitors from forming, pancreatic juice is likely to be able to diminish the body's endogenous intoxication which is a cause of death in acute necrotic pancreatitis. This may be suggested by the higher survival of the animals and lower relative extent of pancreatic acinar tissue necrosis after boiled pancreatic juice treatment of acute necrotic pancreatitis.

[Pancreatic juice peptides as possible regulators of reparative processes in the pancreas in acute and chronic pancreatitis]. / Peptidy podzheludochnogo soka kak vozmozhnye reguliatory reparativnykh protsessov v podzheludochnoi zheleze pri ostrom i khronicheskom pankreatite.

The experiments were performed on 34 dogs. The subcutaneous injection of boiled pancreatic juice was established to increase the survival of dogs in acute destructive pancreatitis (p < 0.001) and to decrease the specific volume damage to acinar (p < 0.01) and interstitial (p < 0.05) pancreatic tissue. It was also shown that boiled pancreatic autojuice exerted the therapeutic effect in chronic pancreatitis complicated by pancreatic fistulas. Five peptide components with a molecular mass from 4168 D to 1000 were discovered in the canine boiled pancreatic juice by liquid high pressure chromatography. Fractions with a molecular mass between 2187 and 1348 D were found to correspond to biologically active peptides, in particular to somatostatin. It is assumed that the therapeutic effect of boiled pancreatic juice used in acute pancreatitis may be due to somatostatin. Apparently pancreatic juice may turn an efficient therapeutic agent in acute pancreatitis and pancreatic fistulas.

[Enterosorption in experimental acute kidney failure]. / Enterosorbtsiia pri éksperimental'noi ostroi pochechnoi nedostatochnosti.

The paper provides the results of 32 experiments on 22 mongrel male dogs with a view to measuring creatinine levels in the lumen of various intestinal segments before and after bilateral nephrectomy and evaluating the effects the enterosorbent brand SKN administered into isolated portions of the intestinal tube on alteration of intraluminal concentrations of creatinine, serum creatinine, and "middle-sized" molecules. Four parts of the intestine were identified: (1) proximal; (2) middle and (3) distal portions of the small intestine, and (4) the large intestine up to the anal sphincter. Two days following bilateral nephrectomy, creatinine levels were increased in the proximal, middle, distal portions of the small bowel and in the large bowel by 18, 11, 5, and 1.4 times, respectively, as compared to the baseline creatinine concentration in the intestinal parts mentioned. The administration of the enterosorbent into the different intestinal parts revealed that with its 6-hour exposure, the most potent effect (lower concentrations of creatinine and "middle-sized" molecules in serum) was observed in the proximal portions of the small bowel. This phenomenon is likely to be attributable to greater vascularization and the maximal creatinine and "middle-sized" molecule concentration in these intestinal portions. With this, it was shown that the higher baseline concentrations of serum creatinine and "middle-sized" molecules were, the more actively they absorbed on the charcoal enterosorbent brand SKN in the intestine.

[Pathogenesis and clinical significance of fat necrosis in acute pancreatitis]. / Patogenez i klinicheskoe znachenie zhirovogo nekroza pri ostrom pankreatite.

An analysis of results of 200 experiments, 100 autopsies after death from acute destructive pancreatitis and clinical observation of 2000 patients with necrotic forms of acute pancreatitis has given data on pathogenesis of fat necrosis, dynamics of its development, its interrelationships with alterations of the pancreas parenchyma. A concept of unity of proteolytic and steatonecrotic components of acute destructive pancreatitis is substantiated. The authors propose a classification of periods of development of fat necrosis, determine the clinical significance of alterations of the fat tissue at early terms of the disease, give recommendations for the surgical and conservative treatment.

[Role of changes in the hemodynamics of the pulmonary circulation in pulmonary gas exchange]. / Rol' izmenenii gemodinamiki v malom kruge krovoobrashcheniia v legochnom gazoobmene.

High pressure in the lung artery was maintained with the aid of i. v. serotonin administration (0.5 mg/ml) in dogs during 10 min. The simultaneous increase of the intravascular pressure in minor circulation and of the lung volume circulation was followed by an increasing blood volume in lungs, diffusion capacity of lungs, oxygen tension in the arterial blood, and satiation of the latter with oxygen. The combined action of the above two hemodynamic factors aids to opening of latent vascular areas, to a more regular distribution of perfusion over the lung areas according to the ventilation level. This mechanism seems to be one of the first compensatory responses to disturbances in the lung gas exchange.