Comparative Evaluation of Octenidine with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Gingivitis and Periodontitis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) has been still regarded as the most efficient mouthwash. Due to its recognized negative effects, it can only be used for a short duration. Octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT), an antiseptic substance found by Sterling Winthrop in the 1980s, has proven helpful in preventing the co-aggregation of dental plaque microbial invaders without disrupting the typical, healthy oral flora. However, there is very little research on octenidine's effectiveness as a mouthwash for preventing plaque. Therefore, this study is being conducted to examine the effectiveness of mouthwashes containing 0.1% Octenidine and 0.2% chlorhexidine. Methodology: In this clinical trial, subjects were divided into two groups, 60 patients each with gingivitis and periodontitis. Then, from each group, 30 patients were advised to use octenidine mouthwash, and 30 patients were prescribed chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to scaling and root planning. Clinical parameters like O'Leary plaque index, Bleeding index, Probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months. Result: In both the gingivitis and periodontitis groups, the octenidine group significantly outperformed the chlorhexidine group in all clinical metrics. Conclusion: Octenidine showed better results in comparison to chlorhexidine with respect to all the above-mentioned clinical parameters. Hence, it can be considered a promising mouthwash for future therapeutic and research studies.

Maternal Periodontitis Prevalence and its Relationship with Preterm and Low-Birth Weight Infants: A Hospital-Based Research.

Introduction: Overall wellness depends on oral health. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies have linked periodontitis to some systemic diseases. Pregnancy labor, contractions, and delivery are controlled by prostaglandin (PGE 2) levels rise during pregnancy, and labor begins when a critical threshold is reached. These associations support the underlying cause of maternal periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: In the study, 3,885 pregnant women aged 18-40 had singleton babies. All mother participants were clinically evaluated by the primary investigator. The periodontal disease is defined using a few parameters. Based on that the prevalence rate will be evaluated. Result: The prevalence of preterm babies' mothers affected with periodontitis was 0.5% and low-birth weight babies' mothers affected with periodontitis was 1.6%. So, there was a significant result is there. Conclusion: Periodontal health and preterm LBW newborns are highly associated with periodontitis in research. It may modify preterm birth and LBW risk factors. Thus, dentists detect and treat this sickness early, preventing pregnancy difficulties in sensitive mothers.

Evaluation of association between potential stress markers and periodontal health in medical and dental students: A questionnaire-based study.

Aims and Objectives: Psychological conditions, particularly psychosocial stress, have been implicated as risk indicators for periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of psychosocial stress on periodontium through questionnaire and serum cortisol level. Subjects and Methods: Two hundred medical and dental undergraduates were recruited for the study. Case group included 82 examination going and control group had 79 nonexam going students. Their stress level was evaluated using a standard questionnaire (perceived stress scale). Gingival index, periodontal disease index, bleeding on probing index, serum cortisol level, and serum alpha-amylase level were also measured. Statistical Analysis Used: Bivariate correlations and multiple regression tests were done. Results: A positive correlation was found among stress scores, salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and periodontal disease measures. Conclusion: Periodontitis can be related to immunologic changes related to psychological states.

Comparison of blood parameters between periodontitis patients and healthy participants: A cross-sectional hematological study.

Background: Bacteria and their products involved in periodontitis evoke an immunoinflammatory response in the host tissue. Inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis, are often not just a local event, but may have systemic ramifications, including elevations in the numbers of circulating leukocytes, acute-phase proteins and oxidative stress markers. It is now emerging that also erythrocytes are affected by chronic inflammatory diseases. This phenomenon, named "anemia of inflammation," is not caused by marrow deficiencies or other diseases. The present study aimed to assess whether there was any relation between chronic periodontitis and hematological parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 patients were included in the study and were divided into the healthy and periodontitis groups. Blood sample was obtained from each participant for hematological analysis of leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, red blood cell (RBC) distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelet count and neutrophil-leukocyte ratio (NLR). Further, the values were gathered and subjected to statistical analysis. Unpaired t-test was performed to assess the statistical significance between the groups and P < 0.05 and < 0.001 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: Results show statistically significant difference seen in leukocytes, lymphocytes, RDW, MCV, platelet count and NLR which was higher in patients with periodontitis, all other parameters are nonsignificant. Conclusion: Thus, within limitations, it can be concluded that increased levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, RDW, MCV, platelet count and NLR depict the inflammatory state and destructive nature of periodontitis.

Pinhole Surgical Technique - A Novel Minimally Invasive Approach for Treatment of Multiple Gingival Recession Defects: A Case Series.

Gingival recessions are one of the most prevalent periodontal diseases. Hypersensitivity and esthetics are the major concerns associated with recession defects. There are various treatment modalities for its management, but recently, minimally invasive techniques have gained much importance because of lower patient morbidity and comparable results when compared to conventional techniques. This case series represents a 6-month follow-up of a recently introduced pinhole surgical technique where the percentage of root coverage was found to be statistically significant.

Surgical Correction of Congenital Double Lip.

Double lip is an unusual clinical finding, considered to be a developmental anomaly, and usually involving the upper lip more frequently than the lower lip. It may be seen in isolation or in association with Ascher's syndrome. It is caused by excessive areolar tissue and noninflammatory labial mucosa gland hyperplasia of pars villosa. During smiling, the lip is retracted, and the mucosa is positioned over the maxillary teeth, resulting in "cupid's bow" appearance. The incidence of this anomaly is not known. It has been reported in cleft patients, following lip trauma, and as a consequence of lip-biting habits. It might pose esthetic or functional problems and may be a reason for psychological stress to the affected individual because of over shown hyperplastic lip tissue. Surgical treatment is indicated for the correction of this disfigurement. Various surgical techniques have been suggested to address the double upper lip anomaly. All of these involve the excision of excessive mucosa and the underlying tissue. This case series puts forward the surgical management of this rare anomaly in a relatively simple manner. Double lip is a subject of interest to the dental clinicians because they usually are the first professionals to detect, identify, and treat this uncommon condition.

Different Regenerative Responses of Two Platelet Concentrates in the Treatment of Human Periodontal Infrabony Defects: A Clinico-Radiographic Study.

BACKGROUND: Platelet concentrates usage in the treatment of intrabony defects has been improved due to advancement of research. Many generation of platelet concentrates were used, but research regarding advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) regarding periodontal treatment is scanty. AIM: The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare PRF and A-PRF in the treatment of human periodontal infrabony defects (IBDs) both clinically and radiographically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients having IBDs were divided into Group A (PRF) and Group B (A-PRF). Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and 3 and 6 months and radiographic examination at baseline and 6 months were also recorded to evaluate defect fill, resolution, and change in the alveolar crest height. Then, all the data were tabulated in a Microsoft Excel sheet and subjected to statistical analysis. Mean and standard deviations of the clinical and radiographic parameters were calculated, and unpaired t-test was performed to assess intergroup comparison at different time intervals. RESULTS: Intragroup comparison showed statistically significant improvement in PPD and CAL at 3 and 6 months while statistically significant improvement was observed in mean defect fill and resolution in Group B. CONCLUSION: Individually, both the materials have shown promising results. However, statistically, PRF group (Group A) showed better treatment outcome in terms of bone fill and A-PRF group (Group B) in terms of soft tissue healing.

Vestibular Incision Subperiosteal Tunnel Access with Titanium-Prepared Platelet-Rich Fibrin - A Golden Approach for Treating Multiple Recession Defects in Esthetic Zone.

Gingival recession is defined as apical migration of marginal gingival tissue causing the exposure of root surface. Abnormal brushing techniques, trauma, anatomical presence of tooth, caries, and improper oral hygiene measures are some of the problems leading to gingival recession. Several treatment modalities such as coronary advanced flaps and free gingival grafts have been used for the treatment of gingival recession defects and showed good results. However, while treating multiple gingival recessions, some new treatment modalities were introduced in literature. Vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) as a minimally invasive technique for root coverage was introduced with various advantages such as no secondary surgical site needed for harvestment of donor tissue and it provides excellent esthetic results with decreased patient morbidity. The present case report emphasizes on the treatment of multiple gingival recessions in the maxillary anterior teeth region using VISTA with titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin.

Clinical efficacy of subgingivally delivered simvastatin gel in chronic periodontitis patients.

BACKGROUND: Simvastatin (SMV), a new locally delivered drug of class statins, is a specific competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Statins, besides having lipid-lowering abilities, also have pleiotropic effects like host modulation and bone regeneration. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of SMV, 1.2 mg, in an indigenously prepared biodegradable controlled-release gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 sites, with pocket depth ≥5 mm, two from each of 30 patients after SRP, were categorized into two treatment groups, for subgingival placement of placebo (Gp 1) or SMV (Gp 2). Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months comprising plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). The osseous changes were evaluated radiographically by measuring vertical gain, INFRA 1 and angle of the defect, INFRA 2 from baseline to 6 months. RESULTS: All subjects tolerated the drug, without any post-application complication. The treatment improved the periodontal condition in both the groups but significant reductions in PPD (p= 0.04), and INFRA 1 (p= 0.000), along with gain in CAL (p= 0.02) and INFRA 2 (p= 0.000) were observed in Gp 2. In one site, an unexpected 5 mm decrease in INFRA 1 was found. CONCLUSION: Local drug delivery of SMV enhanced the beneficial effect of SRP, in pocket reduction, gain in CAL and bone fill.