Bad-breath: Perceptions and misconceptions of Nigerian adults.

OBJECTIVE: To provide baseline data about bad-breath perception and misconceptions among Nigerian adults. METHODS: Multi-center cross-sectional study of individuals aged 18-64 years using examiner-administered questionnaires. Age comparisons were based on the model of emerging adults versus full adults. Data were recoded for statistical analyses and univariate and secondary log-linear statistics applied. RESULTS: Participants had lopsided perceptions about bad-breath. While 730 (90.8%) identified the dentist as the expert on halitosis and 719 (89.4%) knew that bad-breath is not contagious, only 4.4% and 2.5% associated bad-breath with tooth decay and gum disease respectively. There were no significant sex differences but the older adults showed better knowledge in a few instances. Most respondents (747, 92.9%) would tell a spouse about their bad-breath and 683 (85%) would tell a friend. CONCLUSIONS: Participants had lop-sided knowledge and perceptions about bad-breath. Most Nigerian adults are their "brothers' keepers" who would tell a spouse or friend about their halitosis so they could seek treatment.

Dental caries in children--an assessment of the knowledge of Nigerian paediatricians.

BACKGROUND: A high proportion of Nigerian children with caries are left untreated resulting in complications. Paediatricians often provide primary care and maybe useful in improving oral health care. AIM: To assess the oral health knowledge on dental caries and professional experience of a sample of Nigerian paediatricians. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire-based cross sectional survey of paediatricians attending the annual national conference of the Paediatric Association of Nigeria in January 2011 at Abuja, Nigeria was conducted. The questionnaire assessed knowledge on early childhood caries, oral health services provided and attitude to preventive dental services. Data analysis was done using EPI-info (version 3.5) statistical software. RESULTS: Of the 200 questionnaires administered, 145 were properly completed and returned (response rate of 72.5%). The respondents' gender was almost evenly distributed. Their age range was 26-77 years (mean 41.8 +/- 7.4 years). A total of 83 (57.2%) respondents reported receiving oral health education prior to this study. Over 90% of the respondents had received various dental complaints from their patients. Very few (26.2%) performed oral screening routinely although 94.2% believed that oral screening should be routinely carried out. Only 28.9% of the respondents felt adequately informed about oral health though 86.6% were willing to receive training on oral health care. Most of the respondents agreed that dental assessments and counselling should be included in routine paediatric clinical examination. CONCLUSION: Paediatricians could be useful in increasing access to oral health care for Nigerian children. Hence, oral health education should be included in the training programme of Nigerian paediatricians.

SELF-ASSESSED DENTAL HEALTH KNOWLEDGE OF NIGERIAN DOCTORS.

OBJECTIVES: To assess medical doctors' knowledge of common dental diseases and the need to include dental education in the Nigerian undergraduate medical curriculum. DESIGN: Cross-sectional multicentre non-random survey using a convenience sample. SETTING: Tertiary hospitals across two geo-political zones of Nigeria. Participants were mostly recruited while attending seminars and other departmental events which brought doctors together. SUBJECTS: Medical doctors in tertiary hospitals across two geo-political zones of Nigeria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge of common dental diseases namely, dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis was evaluated using an open-ended questionnaire. The definition, etiology, treatment and age-related risk were assessed. Exposure to dental education during undergraduate training was assessed. Opinion on desirability and suggested length of future training were also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 127 doctors (35 interns, 30 residents, 34 senior residents and 28 consultants) participated in the study. Overall, knowledge of definition, etiology, treatment and relative prevalence were recorded. About 69 doctors (54.3%) correctly defined dental caries, 120 (94.5%) correctly defined gingivitis while only only 29 (22.8%) correctly defined chronic periodontitis. The proportions of respondents who correctly identified disease etiology were 26 (20.5%) for caries, 31(24.4%) for gingivitis and 12 (9.4%) for chronic periodontitis. The proportions of respondents who correctly identified appropriate treatment modalities were 39 (30.7%) for caries, 18 (14.2%) for gingivitis and 6 (4.7%) for periodontitis. Those who correctly identified the relative, age-related prevalence of the three diseases were 81 (63.8%) for caries, 51 (40.2%) for gingivitis and 47 (37%) for periodontitis. CONCLUSION: Most of the medical doctors who participated in the study demonstrated inadequate knowledge of common dental diseases and about 97% of respondents supported the idea of including dental education into the current Nigerian undergraduate medical curriculum.

The perception of caregivers attending a Nigerian teaching hospital on teething.

BACKGROUND: in November 2008. There was a national tragedy which recorded about eighty four Nigerian infant deaths due to the consumption of adulterated teething syrup- 'my pikin' administered to children by mothers to prevent 'teething problems". This could have been prevented if they had been well informed about the teething process. OBJECTIVE: to determine the knowledge, understanding and beliefs of caregivers attending LASUTH immunization clinic about teething. METHODS: An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 260 caregivers of children aged 4-36 months attending the immunization clinic in LASUTH over a six weeks period. The questionnaire assessed their knowledge, understanding, beliefs about teething and the teething experience in their wards. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 30.4 5.3years. Fifty seven percent had tertiary education. However, none of the caregivers obtained information about teething from the dentist. There was an association between educational level and attitude to teething (p=0.002) as well as their understanding of the teething process (p=0.0009). Gum irritation was the most reported symptom observed in this study. Many of the caregivers had erroneous beliefs regarding the systemic symptoms such as fever, diarrhoea and vomiting which they attributed to teething. CONCLUSION: Many of the caregivers studied still had erroneous beliefs regarding teething. Thus there is a need to disseminate the right information about teething to care givers in this environment in order to discourage the use of the term "teething" for a serious childhood illness that might require prompt medical attention.

Dental attendance in a sample of Nigerian pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: Good oral health is a fungamental component of pregnant women overall health and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of dental services utilisation and the reasons for non utilisation among women receiving antenatal care at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). METHODS: A cross-sectional study of all pregnant women receiving antenatal care in a Nigerian teaching hospital (LASUTH) between July and September 2008 was conducted. The study assessed the women's opinions on regular dental visits, dental visits during pregnancy, the frequency of utilization of oral health services before and during pregnancy and their reasons for non-attendance. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty two (342) pregnant women with age range 18 to 44 years (mean 30.37 +/- 4.5) participated in the study. Only 163 respondents (33.0%) reported ever visiting a dentist, 24 (7.0%) had done so just before or during the present pregnancy. Among the dental clinic attendees the commonest reason for attendance was pain (88 women or 53.9%). Majority (62%) of those who had never visited a dentist attributed their non-attendance to the absence of dental pain. There was a significant relationship between the respondent's age and the utilization of dental services (p < 0.001). The older women had utilised dental services more often than their younger counterparts. Educational level and ethnic grouping were not significantly related to their use of dental services. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of women receiving antenatal care at LASUTH do not visit the dentist regularly. It is important to provide women in the reproductive age with information on the benefit of regular dental care especially during pregnancy.