[Cancer and diabetes mellitus based on autopsy data]. / Rak i sakharnyi diabet po dannym autopsii.

A clinico-anatomical evaluation of the evidence on 3436 autopsies (1091 cases of cancer included) was carried out. The levels of glucagon-producing A- and insulin-producing B-cells were studied in pancreatic islands from 148 autopsied cases (33 cases of cancer included). Diabetes mellitus incidence in non-tumor cases was thrice (13.73%) that in cancer patients older than 54 years (4.15%). However, pancreatic islands' A-cell levels were higher than those of B-cells in both groups, such prevalence being generally regarded as a causative factor of diabetes mellitus development. The study was concerned with incidence of diabetes mellitus in cases of different primary cancers, the significance of cachexia, corticosteroid production by cancers of the adrenal cortex and some other factors which influence clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus, particularly, those related to age-linked changes in A/B-cells ratios in pancreatic islands.

[Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis]. / Ksantogranulematoznyi kholetsistit.

The morphologic changes are described found in the gallbladder of a female patient, aged 40; she had xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis secondary to cholelithiasis combined with a hiatal hernia and multiple duodenal diverticulae (Saint's triad).

[Amyloidosis of the pancreatic islets and diabetes mellitus]. / Amiloidoz ostrovkov podzheludochnoi zhelezy i sakharnyi diabet.

Pancreas was examined in 136 patients who died at the age of 7 to 89 years of various diseases including 22 with diabetes mellitus. Amyloidosis of its islands was observed in 9 patients (aged 49 and over); 6 out of them suffered from diabetes mellitus. Number of islands with amyloidosis and amyloid quantity were determined morphometrically. Glucagon-producing A-cells and insulin-producing B-cells in the islands not involved in amyloidosis were counted in sections impregnated by Grimelius. It is found that the development of diabetes is determined not only by the islands amyloidosis but by the quantitative domination of A-cells over B-cells in the islands without amyloidosis as well being the manifestation of aging processes.

[Morphologic characteristics of the changes in the thymus and spleen in alcoholism]. / Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika izmenenii vilochkovoi zhelezy i selezenki pri alkogolizme.

Morphological studies of the thymus and the spleen were made in 54 alcohol addicts and 53 cases of other death cause at the age from 25 to 65 yr. Alcoholism was found to induce the reduction in thymus size and the number of its lobes with a simultaneous decrease of lymphocyte content in them; in the lymphatic follicles of the spleen (in the presence of infectious processes) absence of bright multiplication centres and alkaline phosphatase activity in their mantle zone cells was noted. There appeared to be a statistically significant difference in the amount of the parenchyma in the thymus of alcoholics (p less than 0.017) compared to that of the control group 0.68 +/- 0.09 g and 1.33 +/- 0.21 g, respectively and this figure was almost 4-fold less, than the average age norms, 0.26 +/- 0.03 g; the quantitative content of the splenic pulp in alcoholics also had a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (P less than 0.001), 6.37 +/- 0.66 g vs. 12.59 +/- 0.98 g, respectively. The data obtained indicate the development of immunodeficiency states in alcoholism and basing on the changes occurring in the thymus and spleen they can be referred to a combined T- and B-cell form of immunodeficiency.

[New type of wound infection and sepsis caused by the marine vibrio V. vulnificus]. / Novyi vid ranevoi infektsii i sepsisa, vyzyvaemykh morskim vibrionom V. vulnificus.

A review is presented on the new type of infection produced by V. vulnificus and manifested by a wound infection and sepsis. Geographical distribution, routes of infection and clinico-anatomical manifestations are described. The importance of liver damage and conditions followed by the increase of the iron content in the blood for the development of V. vulnificus sepsis are evaluated.

[Significance of infection in the development of acute gastric and duodenal ulcers]. / Znachenie infektsii v razvitii ostrykh iazv zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

The postmortem examination of 79 patients with acute gastric and duodenal ulcers enabled the author to conclude that parallel with other causes infection is of substantial significance in the development of acute ulcers and erosions.

[Age and changes in the proportions of cells in the pancreatic islets of the human pancreas]. / Vozrastnye izmeneniia kletochnykh sootnoshenii v ostrovkakh podzheludochnoi zhelezy cheloveka.

Morphometric investigations of the pancreas have been performed in 74 persons died from different disease at the age from birth up to 85 years. In sections impregnated after Grimelius the amount of argyrophil glucagon-producing A-cells has been counted, as well as in non-impregnated sections--insulin-producing B-cells. Total mass of the islets in the pancreas have been calculated, with a special reference to A- and B-cells and their quantitative relationships. There is not any significant differences of these parameters in men and women. At the same time, a regular increase in A-cells with age is noted, which together with a slight decrease in B-cells results in certain changes in ratio between A- and B-cells. With age, these changes produce a decreased tolerance to glucose, and predominance of A-cells over B-cells results in diabetes mellitus. This is proved when the results of the morphometric investigations are compared with those of intravital studies on glucose contents in blood.

[Comparative clinico-morphological characteristics of peace-time anaerobic infections]. / Sravnitel'naia kliniko-morfologicheskaia kharakteristika anaerobnykh infektsii mirnogo vremeni.

Altogether 26 cases of anaerobic infection (AI) of various etiology were analysed. Local tissue ischemia and operations on gastrointestinal organs in patients with secondary immunodeficit conditions are the factors facilitating the development of AI. The distinction is made between clostridial AI with a rapidly progressing gaseous gangrene and the non-clostridial AI with a slower course of a serous-purulent phlegmoma. Anaerobic myositis is observed in all forms of AI. Depending on the localisation of AI, anaerobic cellulitis and fasciitis are mentioned which occur mainly in non-clostridial AI. The treatment of AI and the mechanisms of death are discussed.

[Hypersensitive reactions and their significance in human pathology. Autoimmune diseases]. / Reaktsii giperchuvstvitel'nosti i ikh znachenie v patologii cheloveka. Autoimmunnye bolezni.

In the light of current concepts on cell interactions in hypersensitivity reactions of the cell-mediated and humoral type the author analyses morphological manifestations of these reactions, the possibility of change of one type of the reaction by the other in the course of immunopathological process, and the importance of hypersensitivity reactions in the development of many human diseases. According to the Sell's scheme, six groups of such diseases differing from each other by the pattern of the immunopathological mechanisms underlying them are considered. The importance of pathological investigations which would reveal characteristic local morphological manifestations in the forms of various types of immune inflammation and changes in the organs of the immunocompetent system of the lymphoid tissue, which could be used for judgement of the pattern and essence of the immunopathological process, is emphasized.

[Infectious complications of leukemias and other tumors of the hematopoietic system]. / Infektsionnye oslozhneniia leikozov i drugikh opukholei krovetvornoi sistemy.

In 1975-1982, autopsies of 201 patients dying with leukemias and other tumors of hemopoietic system revealed infectious complications in 68.6%, among them pneumonias in 46.8%, sepsis in 10.9%, and inflammatory-necrotic processes of the digestive tract in 19.4%. More frequent occurrence of infectious complications in acute leukemias (68-75%) as compared with chronic (61-70%), in lympholeukemias (70-75%) as compared with myeloleukemias (61-68%), and virus infections including generalized forms of herpes in lymphogranulomatosis (30.8%) was noted. The importance of immunodeficiency conditions and granulocytopenia in the development of infectious complications which were the immediate cause of death of 56.7% of those dying with leukemias and other tumors of the hemopoietic system is discussed. The increased role in the etiology of these complications of the opportunistic intestinal microflora frequently present in various associations and in combinations with other microbes and fungi is noted.

[Clinico-anatomic characteristics of sepsis caused by polymicrobial flora]. / Kliniko-anatomicheskaia kharakteristika sepsisa, vyzyvaemogo polimikrobnoi floroi.

Pathological examinations of 23 fatalities due to sepsis caused by polymicrobial flora revealed in 7 cases polymicrobial flora in metastatic foci of dissimilar composition in different foci, in 4 cases monomicrobial flora but varying in different foci, in 12 cases monomicrobial flora similar in all examined septic foci despite the presence in the blood of two or more agents. Localization of metastatic septic foci to a certain extent dependent on the nature of the sepsis causative agents comprising the association. Polymicrobial forms of sepsis were found in fatal cases due to leukemia in 50.0%, to burn sepsis in 10.8%, and to other diseases in 2.8% of the cases, indicating the dependence of their development on the degree of reduction of immunological responsiveness of the patients. The effect of antibacterial therapy given to the patients on the etiology of sepsis is discussed.