Barriers and Facilitators to Breast and Cervical Cancer Screenings for Hispanic Women in a Rural State.

INTRODUCTION: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Division of Cancer Prevention of Control administer the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP), designed to increase early detection of cancers among low-income uninsured and underinsured women. However, rates of cancer diagnosis and survivorship differ among women of different ethnicities. We investigated two questions: 1) what are the potential barriers and facilitators for women to complete recommended breast and cervical cancer screenings, and 2) are the barriers and facilitators different for Hispanic women when compared to non-Hispanic White women? METHODS: We used a community-based participatory research approach and mixed methods: qualitative interviews with women enrolled in the program and a systematic process improvement approach to identify root causes of completing or not completing screenings. We conducted semi-structured interviews in English (n = 11) and Spanish (n = 9) and analyzed responses using fishbone diagrams. RESULTS: We recruited 20 participants in four categories: (a) non-Hispanic White women who completed screenings (n = 9), (b) non-Hispanic White women who did not complete screenings (n = 2), (c) Hispanic women who completed screenings (n = 7), and (d) Hispanic women who did not complete screenings (n = 2). Among all women, facilitators included assistance from program staff with appointments and reminders. Hispanic women reported barriers including language difficulties and confusion about the program. Non-Hispanic White women identified barriers as confusion about the role of insurance. CONCLUSIONS: We found that there are differences in barriers and facilitators for non-Hispanic White women and Hispanic women due to language, the role of insurance, and the level of trust in the program. Reasons for not completing screenings for Hispanic women were structural and systemic in nature; reasons for non-Hispanic White women were based on personal choices.

Rural Hispanic Perceptions of Mental Health: A Qualitative Study.

INTRODUCTION: In 2020, 18.4% of Hispanics experienced mental illness, yet only about a third received treatment compared with nearly half of non-Hispanic Whites. In Montana, where only 11% of the mental health needs are currently met, service utilization is low. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of the Hispanic immigrant population in a rural state on mental health and professional service utilization. METHODS: Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, we conducted semi-structured telephone interviews in Spanish. Audio recordings were transcribed, translated to English, and analyzed for themes. RESULTS: We recruited a sample of 14 participants from Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela ranging in age from 33 to 59. We identified five themes: definitions of mental health, maintaining mental health, familismo/socialization, stigma, and acculturation stress. DISCUSSION: Novel findings point to the need for Spanish-language services focused on reducing stigma around mental illness and incorporating the importance of social connections.

Engaging Latinos in an Academic-Community Partnership in Montana through a Health Screening Event.

BACKGROUND: Engaging minorities in research especially in Montana where Latinos make up a small percentage of the population can be a challenge. We describe an effort to recruit Latinos into a research study by hosting a health screening event. PURPOSE: This event served as the first step in the creation of an academic-community partnership. METHODS: We formed an interdisciplinary research team and involved key community stakeholders in planning a health screening event. We provided lunch, flu vaccinations, and screening measures including blood pressure, body mass index, and diabetes status. We also asked for volunteers to sign up to participate in future focus groups. RESULTS: Thirty five people participated in the health screening event, and 29 people volunteered to engage in future research. The majority of participants reported not having health insurance or a regular medical provider, were overweight or obese, and did not have diabetes. DISCUSSION: Engaging the Latino community in research is important, and this paper describes the first step in the creation of an academic-community partnership. TRANSLATION TO HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICE: Attention to community needs through active partnership and adherence to the responsibilities and competencies for health education specialists provides an example of a successful study that can be adapted to other populations.A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI) http://portal.shapeamerica.org/trn-Webinars.

Exploring a rural Latino community's perception of the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to understand the perception of the Latino community in a rural state regarding COVID-19. Over one third of national COVID-19 cases are among Latinos, likely due to an increased prevalence of comorbid risk factors and social determinants of health that make following precautions difficult. DESIGN: Respondents were recruited using snowball sampling as part of a previous effort to establish an academic-community partnership with Latinos in the area. In April 2020, we conducted 14 semi-structured interviews in Spanish with participants over the phone. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed into Spanish, and translated to English. We employed the framework approach in a thematic analysis using NVivo 12. RESULTS: Common themes were a wariness of news appearing on social media, generalized worry, and the use of natural medicines to maintain health. Respondents followed recommended guidelines to protect their own health, though expressed concern that members of their community were not. CONCLUSIONS: We offer insights into the perception of Latinos of the COVID-19 pandemic in a rural state. Our findings may influence communication techniques of local health departments and offer a way to understand how this often-overlooked community deals with the pandemic.