RESUMO
AIM: To verify whether, with thorough practical and theoretical training, well-controlled, non-complicated diabetic patients can safely go diving underwater with no additional medical or metabolic risks. METHODS: Twelve diabetic patients participated in the study after undergoing training focused on their diabetic status. Two dives per day were scheduled during two five-day stays on the island of Ventotene (Italy). Capillary blood glucose (BG) was checked at 60, 30 and 10 minutes before diving, and corrective measures adopted if necessary, based on BG absolute levels and dynamics. A device for continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring (CGM), expressly modified for the purpose, was worn during dives. RESULTS: Data were gathered from 90 dives; mean BG at 60, 30 and 10 minutes before diving was 205.8+/-69.6 mg/dL, 200.0+/-66.4 mg/dL and 200.5+/-61.0mg/dL, respectively. In 56 of the 90 dives, supplementary carbohydrates or insulin were necessary, but only one dive was interrupted on account of hypoglycaemic symptoms. Mean post-dive BG was 158.9+/-80.8 mg/dL. CGM recordings showed that glucose levels gradually decreased during the dives (nadir: -19.9%). CONCLUSION: Experienced, well-controlled, complication-free young diabetic patients can safely go scuba diving, provided that they apply a rigorous protocol based on serial pre-dive BG measurements. The specific variables of underwater diving do not appear to involve significant additional risks of hypoglycaemia.
Assuntos
Automonitorização da Glicemia , Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/fisiopatologia , Mergulho , Adulto , Automonitorização da Glicemia/instrumentação , Automonitorização da Glicemia/métodos , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Humanos , Hipoglicemia/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Atividade Motora , SegurançaRESUMO
The oxygen consumption during walking was measured in patients affected by chronic lesions of the foot. Only subjects with rigidity of the talocalcaneal joint showed increased oxygen consumption, which reached 5 to 20 per cent above normal. They also showed an increased step frequency, probably as a compensatory mechanism to reduce the mechanical work performed during each step.
Assuntos
Metabolismo Energético , Doenças do Pé/metabolismo , Locomoção , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Traumatismos do Pé , Marcha , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
As the cost of running amounts to about 1 cal per m covered and per kg of body weight, when the aerobic power (VO2, ml/min kg) is known and the energy from glycolysis assumed to be about equal to the energy from oxidations in 1 min, the time employed to cover a given distance can be predicted: a nomogram is given to facilitate the calculation. Conversely from the time employed to cover a given distance the aerobic power in VO2, ml/kg times min can be calculated.
Assuntos
Consumo de Oxigênio , Esforço Físico , Eficiência , Humanos , Matemática , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Esforço Físico , Respiração , Adulto , Ar , Débito Cardíaco , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Lactatos/sangue , Masculino , Métodos , Oxigênio/sangue , Consumo de OxigênioAssuntos
Lactatos/sangue , Esforço Físico , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Consumo de Oxigênio , Educação Física e Treinamento , Aptidão Física , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Álcalis/sangue , Lactatos/sangue , Esforço Físico , Adulto , Álcalis/farmacologia , Humanos , Masculino , Contração Muscular , Placebos/sangue , Medicina Esportiva , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The maximal aerobic muscular power (VO2max) and the anaerobic muscular power max Wpmax) have been measured on 95 fully trained foot-ball players (soccer), from 14 to 16 years of age. These have on the average a maximal "anaerobic" muscular power significantly higher than non-athletic subjects of the same age: on the contrary the maximal "aerobic" power between the two groups does not differ significantly. Differences found beween the players may be related to the different types of performance.
