Assessment of body image perception in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy.

AIM: Aim of the study was to evaluate body image perception (BIP) in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN), comparing with open nephrectomy (ON). METHODS: LN had been performed on 36 (51%) patients, ON had been applied to 34(49%). At the preoperative and postoperative 3rd month, body dysmorphic disorder scale (BDDS) has been applied to patients in order to measure body image change. BDDS has been filled by posing questions to patient. RESULTS: The BDDS score in the postoperative period in patients in whom LN was performed has been higher in proportion to the preoperative period, and BIP has been bad (BDDS score=19.66 ± 6.08 and 15.22 ± 4.78, P=0.00, respectively). The mean BDDS points of patients in the group of ON at the preoperative and postoperative 3rd month have been 16.50 ± 7.04 and 24.23 ± 7.32, respectively. In the group of ON, BIP has been impairing in the post-operative period (P=0.000). There has been no statistically significant difference between LN and ON groups in terms of the pre-operative mean BDDS score (P=0.78). However, the mean BDDS score has been significantly lower in LN group at the postoperative 3rd month, and BIP has been better (P=0.01). A significant negative correlation has been detected between age and body image (P=0.001, r=-0.388). CONCLUSION: Although incisions in LN are smaller, BIP is impairing in the post-operative period. However, when compared to open surgery, BIP has been determined to be better. A significant correlation has been present between age and body image. LN is a more trustworthy surgical method particularly in young patients in terms of BIP too.

Combined usage of estrogen and melatonin restores bladder contractility and reduces kidney and bladder damage in ovariectomized and pinealectomized rat.

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of urinary bladder disturbances and renal structural changes and functional decline are found to increase with age. METHODS: We investigated the effect of melatonin treatment in addition to estrogen replacement therapy in pinealectomized (Px) and ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. 56 female Wistar rats were divided into seven groups, each containing eight animals: Sham, (Ovx), (Px), Px+Ovx, Px+Ovx receiving estrogen (Px+Ovx+E), Px+Ovx receiving melatonin (Px+Ovx+M) and Px+Ovx estrogen and melatonin supplemented (Px+Ovx+EM) group (EM group). We evaluated reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The mean collagen fiber (CF)/smooth muscle (SM) ratio in the bladder wall and structure of the kidney were examined histolologically. We also recorded response of the bladder contractility to acetylcholine (Ach). RESULTS: Px and Ovx groups showed statistically significant reductions of antioxidant defenses, impaired Ach-evoked contraction, histological changes compared with the control group. Also, these changes were prominent in Px+Ovx group compared with all other groups. Both estrogen and melatonin reversed these changes however best restoration was observed in the EM group. CONCLUSIONS: Px performed in addition to Ovx led to a distinct increase in oxidative damage in bladder and renal tissue and deteriorate of the detrussor function. Either estradiol or melatonin replacement alone or in combination prevents significant alterations of tissue histology and bladder contractility following Ovx and Px. Thus, combination treatment appears to be the best method to restore both contractility and histomorphology of bladder and kidney tissues after Ovx and Px (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 44).

Evaluation of the effects of ozone therapy on Escherichia coli-induced cytitis in rat.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ozone on oxidative/nitrosative stress and bladder injury caused by Escherichia coli in rat bladder. METHODS: Twenty-one Wistar-Albino-type female rats included in the study were divided into three groups of equal number: (1) sham operation (control), (2) E. coli-only (EC), (3) EC + ozone. After ozone therapy for 3 days, urine and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical, microbiological, and histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO) level were increased, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was decreased in the EC group. MDA, MPO, and NO levels were decreased, whereas SOD, GPx activity was increased in the ozone-treated group. Also, there was no bacterial translocation in this group. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that ozone may be used as an agent to protect the bladder from oxidative/nitrosative stress occurring in cystitis.

The role of National Institutes of Health category IV prostatitis in accurately staging the newly diagnosed prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: It has been known that the National Institutes of Health category IV (NIH-IV) prostatitis increases the serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, the effect of NIH-IV prostatitis on tPSA levels, which are used for staging prostate cancer (PCa) in patients with PCa, has not been previously investigated. AIM: To evaluate the effect of NIH-IV prostatitis on the tPSA which is used for staging PCa in patients with newly diagnosed PCa. METHOD: A total of 198 patients in whom PCa was detected were included in the study. Group 1 included patients with only PCa, while Group 2 included patients with prostatitis and PCa. The tPSA levels of patients in Groups 1 and 2 were compared. RESULTS: A total of 120 (61%) PCa (Group 1) and 78 (39%) PCa+NIH-IV prostatitis (Group 2) patients were identified. The tPSA levels of 70 (58%) patients in Group 1 and 22 (28%) patients in Group 2 were at the interval of <20 ng/ml (the mean levels of tPSA: 11.8±4.5 and 14.1±3.3, respectively). The tPSA levels of 50 (42%) patients in Group 1 and 56 (72%) patients in Group 2 were within the range of ≥20 ng/ml (the mean levels of tPSA: 39.9±31.0 and 47.0±29.2, respectively). Within both the <20 ng/ml range and ≥20 ng/ml range, the mean tPSA value in Group 2 was found to be significantly higher than that of Group 1 (p=0.03 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: The existence of NIH-IV prostatitis together with cancer in patients with PCa significantly increases the tPSA level which is used in staging the PCa.

Effects of a Special Olympics Unified Sports soccer program on psycho-social attributes of youth with and without intellectual disability.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of a Special Olympics (SO) Unified Sports (UNS) soccer program on psycho-social attributes of youth with and without intellectual disabilities (ID). Participants were 76 male youth with (n=38) and without (n=38) ID. Participants with ID were randomly allocated into a SO athletes group (n=23, mean age=14.5; SD=1.2 years) and a control group (CG) (n=15, mean age=14.5; SD=.8 years). Twenty-three randomly selected youth without ID formed the partner group (mean age=14.1; SD=.9 years) and 15 youth without ID (mean age=13.8; SD=.5 years) formed the CG. Instruments included the Friendship Activity Scale (FAS) (Siperstein, 1980), the Adjective Checklist (Siperstein, 1980), and the Children Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991). The soccer training program lasted eight weeks, 1.5h per session, three times per week, in addition to school physical education (PE). The CG did not participate in any sports in addition to PE. The findings showed that the UNS program was effective in decreasing the problem behaviors of youth with ID and increasing their social competence and FAS scores. In addition, the program was found to be effective in improving the attitude of youth without disabilities toward participants with disabilities. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate the utility of a UNS program for both youth with and without disabilities.

Iatrogenic foreign body in bladder induced recurrent urinary tract infection: a case report.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common infections in women. Although these infections can be seen in healthy women without any anatomical and functional pathology in etiology, foreign bodies should also be considered. We present a foreign body case due to iatrogenic causes which had recurrent urinary tract infections for 5-6 months and that did not respond to medical treatment.