Amelioration in traditional farming system by exploring the different plant growth-promoting attributes of endophytes for sustainable agriculture.

Agriculture demands environmentally friendly, economic and stable agro-practices for achievement of global food security challenges. Exploration of beneficial plant-microbe interactions and input of microbial inoculants has been getting great attention for improvement of traditional agriculture system. Endophytes are beneficial partners of plants; they live inside the host with mutual association. The advantageous role of endophytes is gaining great importance from last century in agricultural research due to their valuable role in enhancement of crop yield and disease management. Endophytes exhibit various plant growth-promoting attributes by production of many bioactive metabolites and by different mechanisms. Development of modern biotechnological approaches to explore the hidden interaction of plants and microbes can be useful tools for establishment of novel bioinoculants for particular crop. In this review, we provide the knowledge about the endophytes, mode of action and their role in the development of sustainable agriculture system for human welfare.

Selection of indicator bacteria based on screening of 16S rDNA metagenomic library from a two-stage anoxic-oxic bioreactor system degrading azo dyes.

Dye degradation has gained attention of late due to indiscriminate disposal from user industries. Enhancing efficiency of biological treatment provides a cheaper alternative vis-à-vis other advanced technologies. Dye molecules are metabolized biologically via anoxic and oxic treatments. In this study, bacterial community surviving on dye effluent working in anoxic-oxic bioreactor was analyzed using 16S rDNA approach. Azo-dye decolorizing and degrading bacterial community was enriched in lab-scale two-stage anoxic-oxic bioreactor. 16S rDNA metagenomic libraries of enriched population were constructed, screened and phylogenetically analyzed separately. Removal of approximately 35% COD with complete decolorization was observed in anoxic bioreactor. Process was carried out by uncultured gamma proteobacterium constituting 48% of the total population and 12% clones having homology to Klebsiella. Aromatic amines generated during partial treatment under anoxic bioreactor were treated by aerobic population having 72% unculturable unidentified bacterium and rest of the population consisting of Thauera sp., Pseudoxanthomonas sp., Desulfomicrobium sp., Ottowia sp., Acidovorax sp., and Bacteriodetes bacterium sp.