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1.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis ; 110: 102189, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38718722

RESUMO

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a major cause of encephalitis in Southeast Asia. Tamil Nadu, a state located in the southern part of India, contributes substantially to the national burden of human JE cases every year. However, limited information is available on the epidemiology of JE in pig populations of Tamil Nadu. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess JEV prevalence in pig populations of Tamil Nadu. A total of 710 pigs reared in 118 farms across 10 districts of Tamil Nadu were sampled using multistage cluster random sampling. Serum samples were analyzed for their JEV status using Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). At the animal-level, the apparent JEV seroprevalence was 60.4% (95% CI: 56.8% - 64.0%) and the true seroprevalence was 50.1% (95% CI: 47.0% - 53.2%). The herd-level apparent seroprevalence was 94.1% (95% CI: 88.1% - 97.5%) and the true seroprevalence was 93.3% (95% CI: 89.5% - 96.2%). The intensity of JEV circulation was high in all the districts, with seroprevalence ranging between 43% and 100%. Pigs across all age categories were seropositive and a high overall seroprevalence of 95.2% (95% CI: 76.2% - 99.9%) was recorded in pigs older than 12 months. JEV seropositivity was recorded in all the seasons but the prevalence peaked in the monsoon (67.9%, 95% CI: 61.1% - 74.2%) followed by winter (65.1%, 95%CI: 57.4% - 72.2%) and summer (53.3%, 95% CI: 47.8% - 58.8%) seasons. The results indicate that JEV is endemic in pigs populations of the state and a one health approach is essential with collaborative actions from animal and public health authorities to control JE in Tamil Nadu, India.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie) , Encefalite Japonesa , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Índia/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/imunologia , Encefalite Japonesa/epidemiologia , Encefalite Japonesa/veterinária , Encefalite Japonesa/virologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Estudos Transversais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Prevalência , Feminino , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Masculino , Estações do Ano
2.
Microbiol Resour Announc ; 12(6): e0129722, 2023 Jun 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37166306

RESUMO

Here, we report the genome sequence of a Pasteurella multocida strain isolated from the heart blood of a spotted deer (Bareilly, India). The 2.44-Mbp genome has 2,227 coding sequences, with a G+C content of 40.7%.

3.
J Microbiol Methods ; 207: 106710, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37003300

RESUMO

Salmonella species are Gram-negative bacteria with more than 2600 serovars. Among these serovars, many are associated with various diseases in livestock and humans. White Kauffman Le-Minor (WKL) serotyping scheme applies specific serum to determine the serovars of Salmonella. Recent studies have applied molecular methods for serovar predictions. These methods include PCR, hybridization and sequence data to detect/predict serovar-specific genetic elements. Among these, PCR is a robust method if the unique genetic element is already known. Within this context, also involving novel primers, two multiplex PCR assays were standardized to detect six important Salmonella serovars viz. Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Kentucky, Infantis, Virchow and Gallinarum associated with poultry in India. The developed PCR assays showed targeted serovar specificity. Serial dilution experiments of both kit-based and crude lysate DNA preparations indicated similar applicability of both methods for testing from pure cultures. Further the developed assays were validated with 25 recent field isolates to confirm the applicability in routine diagnosis. The PCR assay could predict all the targeted serovars (17/25) with 100% specificity (CI-95%; 0.63-1). Molecular serotyping can reduce the number of serum used in comparison to the conventional serotyping which involves more random application of serum.


Assuntos
Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex , Salmonella enterica , Animais , Humanos , Sorotipagem , Sorogrupo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/métodos , Aves Domésticas , Salmonella enterica/genética , Salmonella/genética
4.
Vet Res Commun ; 47(3): 1413-1425, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36914918

RESUMO

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) organisms are emerging multidrug-resistant pathogens. They are opportunistic and cause severe diseases in humans that may result in fatal outcomes. They are mainly reported as nosocomial pathogens, and transmission often occurs through contaminated pharmaceutical products. From 1993 to 2019, 14 Bcc outbreaks caused by contaminated ultrasound gels (USGs) have been reported in several countries, including India. We screened a total of 63 samples of USGs from various veterinary and human clinical care centers across 17 states of India and isolated 32 Bcc strains of Burkholderia cenocepacia (46.8%), B. cepacia (31.3%), B. pseudomultivorans (18.8%) and B. contaminans (3.1%) species. Some isolates were co-existent in a single ultrasound gel sample. The isolation from unopened gel bottles revealed the intrinsic contamination from manufacturing sites. The MALDI-TOF analysis to identify the Bcc at the species level was supported by the partial sequencing of the recA gene for accurate species identification. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates shared clades with human clinical isolates, which is an important situation because of the possible infections of Bcc by USGs both in humans and animals. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing identified the genetic variation among the Bcc isolates present in the USGs. The findings indicated USGs as the potential source of Bcc species.


Assuntos
Infecções por Burkholderia , Complexo Burkholderia cepacia , Humanos , Animais , Complexo Burkholderia cepacia/genética , Filogenia , Infecções por Burkholderia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Burkholderia/complicações , Infecções por Burkholderia/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças , Géis
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