Proximal femoral geometry analysis of igbos of South East Nigeria and its clinical application in total hip replacement and hip surgeries: A dry bone study.

BACKGROUND: Proximal femoral geometry(PFG) plays a role in the biomechanics of the hip. During total hip replacement detailed efforts are made to restore this biomechanics in other to ensure patients satisfaction and implant survival. There are variations in these parameters. Ethnicity is one of the most influential factors accounting for these variations. AIM: To determine the values of the parameters of the proximal femoral geometry among the ethnic Igbos of the South Eastern Nigeria, determine any correlation between these parameters, and compare these values with known populations as well as discuss the clinical application in total hip replacement and other hip surgeries. Materials and Method: Seven hundred and sixteen (716) femoral bones taken from the osteology unit of department of anatomy of University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) were screened and proximal femoral parameters measured using Vernier calipers. Results: There were 356 right and 360 left femoral bones with the following values: Femoral Neck Anteversion Angle (FNAVA): M=19.04°, SD=2.075°, Proximal Femoral Length(PFL): M=73.24mm,SD=7.622, Femoral Head Vertical Diameter(FHVD):M= 44.64mm, SD=3.134, Femoral Head Transverse Diameter(FHTD),M=44.55mm, SD=3.379mm, Femoral Head Diameter(FHD),M=44.60mm, SD=3.119mm, Femoral Neck Anterior Length(FNAL), M=31.86mm, SD=5.383mm, Femoral Posterior Neck Length(FPNL):M=22.23mm, SD=3.520mm, Femoral Neck Diameter (FND), M=32.71mm,SD= 3.315mm, Proximal Femoral Width Head to Side (PFWHS), M=89mm.80,SD= 10.331mm, Proximal Femoral Width Side to Side (PFWSS), M=31.47mm, SD=2.812mm, Femoral Neck Shaft Angle(FNSA), M=132.15°, 7.305°. CONCLUSION: The parameters of the proximal femoral geometry of the ethnic Igbos of the South East of Nigeria, differed from other populations and exhibited laterality.

The morphometric analysis of the male cadaveric native knees of the ethnic igbos of South East Nigeria and its implication in total knee replacement.

BACKGROUND: In spite of its consideration as a very successful procedure nearly all total knee replacement (TKR) prostheses were designed based on the parameters of male 4,Western, and primarily white native knees. Mismatch between prosthesis and bone surface or malposition can lead to poor outcome of TKR. AIM: To determine the parameters of the native knee of the ethnic Igbos of South East Nigeria, determine any correlations amongst them ,compare the values with that of other populations and discuss its implication in total knee replacement. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study was carried out on male adult cadavers with normal knees found at the museum of the Department of Anatomy University of Nigeria and all cadavers whose knees were deformed or had any pathological condition were excluded from the study. There were 60 knees from 30 male cadavers. Measurements were taken independently from the distal femur and proximal tibia with a method with the aid of a Vernier sliding calipers. RESULTS: The determined values of the parameters of the cadaveric knees in centimeters are as follows: FLAP: M=7.10,SD=.44, FMAP: M=6.83,SD=.42, FML:M=7.78,SD=.40, FAR: M=1.10,SD=.06, TLAP:M=4.65,SD=.23, TMAP:M=5.17,SD=.27, TML: M=7.88,SD=.29, TAR:M=1.53. SD=.06. CONCLUSION: The normal values of the knee parameters of the native knee of the ethnic Igbos of the South Eastern Nigeria has been established and these should be taken into consideration by medical engineers during component design and arthroplasty surgeon during total knee replacement. There are correlations between these parameters that could be useful as a decision making tool during TKR and finally, the differences between these parameters and that of ethnic Western and Asian populations should be noted by implant manufacturers and arthroplasty surgeons.

The morphology of proximal tibia geometry amongst the Igbos of South East Nigeria and its implication in total knee replacement.

BACKGROUND: The morphological parameters of the proximal tibia play a major role in total knee replacement and there are ethnic and gender variations to these parameters. AIM: To evaluate parameters of the proximal tibia geometry amongst the Igbos of South Eastern Nigeria and discuss the clinical implications in total knee replacement. METHODS: The proximal tibia parameters of 558 adult tibiae bones, 300 right-sided and 258 left-sided, collected from the osteological unit of the department of anatomy University of Nigeria Enugu campus were measured using a Venier calipers. RESULTS: The values of the determined parameters are as follows: anterior posterior dimension (APD): 5.50 cm, medial lateral dimension (MLD):7.53 ± 5.56 cm, proximal length (PL): 7.32 ± 0.67 cm, proximal width (PW) CM: 4.10 ± 0.30 cm, medial tibia posterior slope (MTPS):11.36 ± 4.15° and lateral tibia posterior slope (LTPS):5.65 ± 2.72°. The correlation test between these parameters of the proximal tibia shows a strong significant correlation between LPTS and MPTS (r =0.814, P < .001). The comparison of the means of the MPTS of both sides using independent samples t test shows a mean difference that is not significant (p =0.628). A comparison of the values with other populations shows significant mean difference for MLD with that of Chinese and American populations (p < .05). The mean difference between the APD of this study and the Chinese is significant (p =0.007). A comparison of MPTS and LPTS for Malaysian, Chinese, and white Americans shows a significance difference for all the three populations (p <.05). CONCLUSION: These determined values should be taken into consideration during tibia surface coverage in total knee replacement amongst the Igbo population.

Musical preferences and learning outcome of medical students in cadaver dissection laboratory: A Nigerian survey.

Background music has been reported to enhance learning in the cadaver dissection laboratory. This study was designed to determine the impact of various forms of musical genre and some of their characteristics on students' learning outcome in the dissection laboratory. Some selected musical genre in vocal and non-vocal forms and at different tempi and volume were played as background music (BM) to 253 Medical and Dental students during various sessions of cadaver dissection. Psychological Stress assessment was done using Psychological stress measure-9. Participants love for music, preferred musical genre and other musical characteristics were assessed. The impact of the various musical genre and their characteristics on learning was done via written examination on the region dissected during each musical session. A positive relationship was noted between students' preference for musical genre during leisure with their preference for BM during private study time (P<0.01). Statistically significant differences (P<0.01) were established in the impacts of the selected musical genre on some selected learning factors. Country and Classical music gave the highest positive impact on the various learning factors in CDL followed by R&B. No significant difference was noted between the cognitive values of vocal and non-vocal music. Classical music most effectively reduced the stress induced by dissection in the CDL while Reggae and High life musical genre created a more stressful environment than regular background noise (P<0.01). Moderate volume level and Tempo were most preferred during both cadaver dissection activity and leisure hours. This study shows statistically significant differences in the cognitive values of some of the studied musical genre and their various characteristics. The inability to isolate the particular musical genre with these desired properties could account for the controversies in the reports of the role of music in academic environment.

Use of fetal biometry in the assessment of gestational age in South East Nigeria: Femur length and biparietal diameter.

BACKGROUND: Fetal growth is influenced by many factors such as race, socioeconomic status, genetics, geographical location, maternal diseases, and number of babies. Consequent upon these, fetal growth charts may vary from one location to another even within the same geographical entity. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to establish the fetal growth chart in antenatal women who had ultrasound scanning at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, South East Nigeria. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive analysis of fetal biometric measurement of antenatal women. Four hundred and seventy pregnant women were studied. RESULTS: The nomogram for the femur length (FL) and biparietal diameter (BPD) for the different weeks of gestation (from 13th to the 40th week) were established. Correlation coefficients between gestational age and the various fetal parameters were also reported. Growth charts using both FL and BPD were plotted. A regression model for prediction of fetal age using the fetal biometry was also deduced for the studied population. CONCLUSION: The fetal parameters used in this study were consistently smaller than reported values from European studies up to the 34th week of gestation after which a catch-up growth till the 40 weeks was observed. Fetal parameters observed in this study were larger than most of the reported Asian values.