Masculine Gender Role Stress as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Justification of Dominance and Aggression and Male Adolescent Dating Violence against Women.

BACKGROUND: This research explores the role of masculine gender role stress (MGRS) in male adolescent dating violence (MADV). Previous research has found that progress towards gender equality between men and women is in certain contexts related to the greater prevalence of male intimate partner violence against women. These studies of adult men found that masculine gender role stress could help explain this surprising result. METHOD: The incidental sample of this study consisted of 339 boys residing in Madrid, Spain, aged 13 to 16. MGRS was assessed by two factors from the Eisler & Skidmore scale (1987): subordination to women (SW) and intellectual inferiority (II). MADV against women was assessed according to two subscales of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale, CTS2: psychological aggression and physical aggression. Results RESULTS: Show for the first time in adolescents that MGRS caused by situations of subordination to women is an important MADV risk factor both in terms of physical and psychological violence. Our study also found that MGRS mediates the relationship between MADV against women and the justification of intimate partner violence against women (JIPVW). CONCLUSIONS: This article discusses the implications of these results for the prevention of MADV against women.

Problematic Internet use, maladaptive future time perspective and school context.

BACKGROUND: Spain is among the European countries with the highest prevalence of adolescents at risk of Internet addiction, a problem that could be linked to youth unemployment and leaving education early. This research evaluated the role of three variables relative to school context on Problematic Internet Use (PIU) and on the relationship between PIU and Maladaptive Future Time Perspective (MFTP, defined as an excessive focus on the present and a fatalistic attitude towards the future, a variable that had not previously been studied in terms of its relationship to adolescents' PIU). METHOD: The study was carried out with 1288 adolescents, aged 12 to 16 years old, enrolled at 31 secondary schools in Madrid, Spain. RESULTS: As expected, we found that MFTP and hostile treatment by teachers were associated with an increase in PIU, whereas school appreciation was associated with a decrease in PIU. In addition, hostile treatment by teachers had a moderate effect on the MFTP-PIU relationship. CONCLUSIONS: In order to prevent PIU it is important to foster confidence in adolescents in their own potential to build the future from the present through positive interaction with teachers, stimulating an appreciation of school within these digital natives' peer group culture.

Ventricular septal defect and bidirectional shunting? Things are not what they seem.

This report describes the case of a 19-year-old woman with a diagnosis of muscular ventricular septal defect. Bidirectional shunting was observed during a transthorathic echocardiography evaluation which also suggested normal pulmonary arterial pressure. Moreover, anomalous and hypertrophic right ventricular muscular bands were observed. After having ruled out other possibilities, the plausible explanation is one, which is not described in the literature. The findings may be explained as a sequestrated portion of the cavity of the right ventricle that remains isolated from the rest of the right ventricle (RV) by anomalous and hypertrophic right ventricular muscular bands, with communication only between the left ventricle and the sequestrated part of the RV. This is an unusual variant of two-chambered RV simulating two-chambered left ventricle.