RESUMO
El objetivo de este artículo es recopilar la evidencia actual sobre el impacto del maltrato y laadversidad en la infancia sobre la salud mental, priorizando aquellos trastornos que no han ocupado tradicional-mente un lugar nuclear en la etiología. Se revisan las publicaciones aparecidas en las principales bases de datosen los últimos veinte años. Concluimos con la gran importancia de detectar de forma precoz los antecedentestraumáticos en la atención clínica y la necesidad de implementar intervenciones preventivas efectivas. Primamosla aproximación a los trastornos desde una óptica transdiagnóstica, como un acercamiento más eficiente a larealidad del neurodesarrollo y a la naturaleza, génesis y curso de la psicopatología.(AU)
The aim of this article is to compile the current evidence on the impact of childhoodadversity and maltreatment on mental health, prioritizing those disorders that have not traditionally occupieda central place in the etiology. We review the publications that have appeared in the main databases in the lasttwenty years. We conclude with the great importance of early detection of traumatic antecedents in clinical careand the need to implement effective preventive interventions. We prioritize the approach to disorders from atransdiagnostic perspective, as a more efficient approach to the reality of neurodevelopment and to the nature,genesis and course of psychopathology.(AU)
Lobjectiu daquest article és recopilar levidència actual sobre limpacte del maltracta-ment i ladversitat a la infància sobre la salut mental, prioritzant aquells trastorns que no han ocupat tradicional-ment un lloc nuclear a letiologia. Es revisen les publicacions aparegudes a les principals bases de dades en elsdarrers vint anys. Concloem amb la gran importància de detectar de manera precoç els antecedents traumàticsa latenció clínica i la necessitat dimplementar intervencions preventives efectives. Prioritzem laproximació alstrastorns des duna òptica transdiagnòstica, com un apropament més eficient a la realitat del neurodesenvolu-pament i a la natura, gènesi i curs de la psicopatologia.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Psicologia da Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Transtornos de Estresse Traumático , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento , Saúde Mental , Psicopatologia , Saúde da Criança , Psiquiatria InfantilRESUMO
The objective of this study is to describe the frequency and type of victimization in a Spanish child and adolescent clinical ADHD sample and to analyze the association between the types of victimization and the severity of the symptoms. The sample is composed of 106 outpatients in treatment for ADHD, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) criteria. Symptom severity was measured by the Conners-3 scales. ADHD and comorbid diagnostics were evaluated with the Mini-Kid interview. The victimization experiences were studied using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ). Children with child maltreatment history showed a greater intensity of hyperactivity/impulsivity, aggression and behavioral disorders as well as depression and anxiety disorders. The presence of peer victimization was associated with inattention, learning disorders, executive functioning, and relationship problems. Episodes of victimization should be considered in the treatment of the ADHD. Child maltreatment history is more associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, while peer victimization is more associated with attentional symptoms.
