Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of a Citrus Essential Oil and Its Fractions.

Essential oils (EOs) from Citrus are the main by-product of Citrus-processing industries. In addition to food/beverage and cosmetic applications, citrus EOs could also potentially be used as an alternative to antibiotics in food-producing animals. A commercial citrus EO-Brazilian Orange Terpenes (BOT)-was fractionated by vacuum fractional distillation to separate BOT into various fractions: F1, F2, F3, and F4. Next, the chemical composition and biological activities of BOT and its fractions were characterized. Results showed the three first fractions had a high relative amount of limonene (≥10.86), even higher than the whole BOT. Conversely, F4 presented a larger relative amount of BOT's minor compounds (carvone, cis-carveol, trans-carveol, cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, and trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol) and a very low relative amount of limonene (0.08-0.13). Antibacterial activity results showed F4 was the only fraction exhibiting this activity, which was selective and higher activity on a pathogenic bacterium (E. coli) than on a beneficial bacterium (Lactobacillus sp.). However, F4 activity was lower than BOT. Similarly, F4 displayed the highest antioxidant activity among fractions (equivalent to BOT). These results indicated that probably those minor compounds that detected in F4 would be more involved in conferring the biological activities for this fraction and consequently for the whole BOT, instead of the major compound, limonene, playing this role exclusively.

Experiencia en el manejo de cáncer colorrectal en Méderi-Hospital Universitario Mayor, 2012-2014 / Experience with the management of colorectal cancer at Mederi Major University Hospital, Bogotá, Colombia 2012-2014

Introducción. El cáncer colorrectal es el tercer cáncer más diagnosticado a nivel mundial en hombres y el segundo en mujeres. En Colombia, es la cuarta causa de muerte por cáncer en ambos sexos. Es importante conocer las características de su presentación clínica en nuestro medio y la experiencia en el manejo de esta neoplasia en instituciones hospitalarias de Colombia que sirvan como referencia para analizar tendencias y resultados. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de corte transversal de la población con diagnóstico de cáncer colorrectal atendida entre agosto de 2012 y diciembre de 2014, que corresponde al periodo de funcionamiento del Servicio de Coloproctología de Méderi-Hospital Universitario Mayor. Resultados. Se atendieron 152 pacientes, 57 % (n=87) eran mujeres. La edad promedio fue de 67 años. Se intervino quirúrgicamente el 91 % (n=138), el 61 % (n=93) por vía laparoscópica y el 25 % (n=38) se encontraron en estadio IV. Solo el 4,6 % (n=7) presentó dehiscencia de la anastomosis. El subtipo histológico más frecuente fue el adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado. Discusión. Las características demográficas de la serie coinciden con las reportadas en la literatura científica. Como sucede en países similares al nuestro, esta neoplasia se diagnostica en los estadios avanzados, lo que sugiere deficiencia del sistema de tamización y diagnóstico precoz. Los resultados del manejo son similares a los reportados por otros grupos de excelencia

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women worldwide. In Colombia, it is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in both sexes. It is important to know the characteristics of its clinical presentation in our environment and the experience in the management of this pathology in hospital institutions in Colombia that serve as reference to analyze trends and results. Methods: A cross-sectional study of the population with the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was performed between August 2012 and December 2014, which corresponds to the period of operation of the Department of Coloproctology of Méderi-Hospital Universitario Mayor. Results: A total of 152 patients were attended, 57% (n = 87) women. The average age was 67 years. 91% (n = 138) were surgically intervened, 61% (n = 93) by laparoscopy and 25% (n = 38) were found in stage IV. Only 4.6% (n = 7) had anastomotic dehiscence. The most frequent histological subtype was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Discussion: The demographic characteristics of the series coincide with those reported in the literature. As in countries similar to ours, this pathology is diagnosed in advanced stages, suggesting deficiency of screening and early diagnosis in the health system. The results of the management are similar to those reported by other groups of excellence