Impaired signaling pathways on Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy macrophages during Leishmania infantum infection.

Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (CGL), a rare autosomal recessive disorder, is characterized by a lack of adipose tissue. Infections are one of the major causes of CGL individuals' premature death. The mechanisms that predispose to infections are poorly understood. We used Leishmania infantum as an in vitro model of intracellular infection to explore mechanisms underlying the CGL infection processes, and to understand the impact of host mutations on Leishmania survival, since this pathogen enters macrophages through specialized membrane lipid domains. The transcriptomic profiles of both uninfected and infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from CGL (types 1 and 2) and controls were studied. MDMs infected with L. infantum showed significantly downregulated expression of genes associated with infection-response pathways (MHC-I, TCR-CD3, and granzymes). There was a transcriptomic signature in CGL cells associated with impaired membrane trafficking and signaling in response to infection, with concomitant changes in the expression of membrane-associated genes in parasites (e.g. δ-amastins). We identified pathways suggesting the lipid storage dysfunction led to changes in phospholipids expression and impaired responses to infection, including immune synapse (antigen presentation, IFN-γ signaling, JAK/STAT); endocytosis; NF-kappaB signaling; and phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. In summary, lipid metabolism of the host plays an important role in determining antigen presentation pathways.

Inclusão social pelo trabalho: percepções da primeira experiência de emprego em jovens de baixa renda / Social inclusion through work: perceptions of the first employment experience in low income young people / Inclusión social a través del trabajo: percepciones de la primera experiencia laboral en jóvenes de bajos ingresos

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo propor um modelo cognitivo/explicativo que represente as mudanças que podem ser incorporadas à vida de jovens de baixa renda, a partir de sua primeira experiência de emprego formal. MÉTODO: A amostra do estudo foi composta por 25 jovens beneficiários do Programa Primeiro Emprego/BA, que participaram de grupos focais on-line. Para a análise, as falas foram inicialmente categorizadas por meio da análise de conteúdo temática e, em seguida, visando uma sistematização e o estabelecimento de uma relação entre as categorias adotadas, foi utilizada a técnica do mapeamento cognitivo. RESULTADOS: A partir da análise das falas dos jovens, foram identificados 29 núcleos de sentidos, distribuídos em torno da tríade indivíduo- trabalho-sociedade. Entre as mudanças pessoais percebidas, destacam-se a valorização e o crescimento pessoal, assim como questões financeiras. Nas mudanças laborais, o aumento da empregabilidade como resultado da maior qualificação profissional e das novas habilidades técnicas adquiridas foi amplamente citado. Por fim, no que diz respeito às mudanças sociais, a percepção de alteração do status social ficou evidente. A maioria das mudanças observadas foram positivas e indicaram um aumento na qualidade de vida dos jovens de baixa renda. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se, portanto, que para uma modificação dos padrões de reprodução da força de trabalho juvenil, baseados na precarização e na subalternidade, é necessária uma transformação da realidade laboral dos seus atores.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to propose a cognitive/explanatory model that represents the changes that can be incorporated into the lives of low-income young people, from their first experience of formal employment. METHOD: The study sample consisted of 25 young beneficiaries of the First Employment Program/ BA, who participated in online focus groups. For the analysis, the speeches were initially categorized through thematic content analysis and, then, aiming at systematization and the establishment of a relationship between the adopted categories, the cognitive mapping technique was used. RESULTS: Based on the analysis of the young people's statements, 29 nuclei of meanings were identified, and distributed around the individual-work-society triad. Among the perceived personal changes, valorization and personal growth stand out, as well as financial issues. In terms of job changes, the increase in employability as a result of higher professional qualifications and new technical skills acquired was widely cited. Finally, with regard to social changes, the perception of change in social status was evident. Most of the changes observed were positive and indicated an increase in the quality of life of low-income youth. CONCLUSION: It is concluded, therefore, that for a change in the system, a transformation of the work reality of its actors is necessary.

OBJETIVO: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo proponer un modelo cognitivo/explicativo que represente los cambios que pueden incorporarse en la vida de jóvenes de bajos ingresos, a partir de su primera experiencia de empleo formal. MÉTODO: La muestra del estudio estuvo compuesta por 25 jóvenes beneficiarios del Programa Primeiro Emprego/BA, que participaron de grupos focales en línea. Para el análisis, los enunciados fueron inicialmente categorizados a través del análisis de contenido temático y luego, con el objetivo de sistematizar y establecer una relación entre las categorías adoptadas se utilizó la técnica del mapeo cognitivo. RESULTADOS: A partir del análisis de los enunciados de los jóvenes, se identificaron 29 centros de significado, distribuidos en torno a la tríada individuo-trabajo-sociedad. Entre los cambios personales percibidos se destacan la apreciación y el crecimiento personal, así como las cuestiones financieras. En los cambios laborales se citó ampliamente el aumento de la empleabilidad como consecuencia de una mayor cualificación profesional y de nuevas competencias técnicas adquiridas. Finalmente, en lo que respecta a los cambios sociales, se hizo evidente la percepción de cambios en el estatus social. La mayoría de los cambios observados fueron positivos e indicaron un aumento en la calidad de vida de los jóvenes de bajos ingresos. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye, por tanto, que para modificar los patrones de reproducción de la fuerza laboral juvenil, basados en la precariedad y la subalternidad, es necesaria una transformación de la realidad laboral de sus actores.

Challenges of animals shelters in caring for dogs infected with Leishmania and other pathogens.

The incidence of human Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) has decreased in Brazil; however, the number of areas reporting human and canine cases has increased, with Leishmania infantum usually preceding human infection. This study aimed to analyze the profile of infectious diseases that are endemic for both human and canine VL, in dogs housed in a shelter located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil. Data was obtained between November/2021 to April/2022. All dogs residing at the shelter (98 dogs) were examined and blood was collected for testing for L. infantum, Ehrlichia canis, and Babesia sp. Statistical analyses considered the clinical and laboratory findings. Of the 98 animals, approximately 43% were positive for L. infantum antibodies, 19% were positive for L. infantum kDNA, and 18% were L. infantum positive by culture. Greater levels of anti-leishmania antibodies were observed in dogs with symptoms suggestive of VL. The dogs tested positive for E. canis (19/98) and B. canis (18/98). Lutzomyia longipalpis was captured inside the shelter, representing 74.25% (n = 225) of whole sandflies in the dog shelter. Concomitant infection by L. infantum and E. canis increased the odds of death. Treatment of VL included the use of allopurinol (n = 48) and miltefosine (n = 8). Treated animals showed more signs of Leishmania infection. Tickborn parasites and Leishmania were prevalent in sheltered dogs in a VL-endemic area, which increases the odds of death and poses an additional challenge for caring for abandoned dogs and at the same time setting protocols to manage reservoirs of L. infantum.

Sleep Quality and Social Jetlag in Young Adults During the Social Distancing Caused by COVID-19.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality and the Social Jetlag frequency in young adults during social distancing because of COVID-19. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 308 students aged ≥18 years and with Internet access. Questionnaires used: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - Brazil (PSQI-BR), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the students was 21 ± 3 years (17 - 42y), with no statistically significant difference between genders. The PSQI-BR indicated that 257 (83.4%) had poor sleep quality. The mean of Social Jetlag for young adults was 02:00 ± 01:49h, and we observed that 16.6% (n = 51) had Social Jetlag. Compared to men in the good sleep quality group, women had higher means for sleep duration on study days and free days, mid-point of sleep on study days and free days and corrected mid-point of sleep on free days. However, when compared to men in the group of poor sleep quality, we observed higher means for women regarding sleep duration on study days, the mid-point of sleep on study days, and the corrected mid-point of sleep on free days. Conclusions: Thus, the high frequency of young adult students who had poor sleep quality associated with Social Jetlag (2 hours) in the present study may reflect a pattern of sleep irregularity, which may be associated with impairment of environmental synchronizers and stimulation of social synchronizers during the lockdown resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Novice medical students' perception about bad news training with simulation and spikes strategy.

Objective: To analyze the medical students' perception about simulated consultations before and after training using the SPIKES protocol. Methods: Quasi-experimental study, with a qualitative approach. It counted with the participation of 20 students as Simulated Physicians (SF), and 20 students as Simulated Patients (SP), all belonging to a medical course. Data were obtained from the responses given to a reflective question, applied before and after training with the SPIKES. The treatment and the analysis of the data were guided by the stages of thematic analysis. Results: In the category "Simulated Medical Student's Self-Perception", the subcategories "Nervousness and Insecurity" were predominant after the first consultation, while "Tranquility and Security" after the second consultation after training. In the category "Simulated Medical Student's Perception about the Educational Process", the subcategory "Reflective Learning" emerged in the students' speeches, especially after the second consultation. In the speeches of SP, it was evidenced the improvement of the care provided by SF after training. Conclusion: The strategy used for the development of communication skills showed evidence of short-term effectiveness. Innovation: The research resulted in a teaching protocol for students in pre-clinical stages that involves four stages: simulation, self-assessment, feedback and new simulations.

T-cell activation, senescence, and exhaustion in asymptomatic HIV/Leishmania infantum co-infection.

Background: Leishmania infantum is an opportunistic parasitic infection. An immunocompromised state increases the risk of converting asymptomatic infection to symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which has a ~5% fatality rate even with treatment. HIV coinfection increases the risk of death from VL. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed between 2014 and 2016 to determine the prevalence of L. infantum infection in HIV positive subjects residing in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (n=1,372) and of these a subgroup of subjects were followed longitudinally. Subsequent incident cases of VL were ascertained from a public health database through 2018. A subgroup (n=69) of the cross-sectional study subjects was chosen to assess immune status (T cell activation, senescence, exhaustion) and outcome. The data were compared between asymptomatic HIV+/L. infantum+ (HIV/Leish), symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL), recovered VL, DTH+ (Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity response - Leishmanin skin test), AIDS/VL, HIV+ only (HIV+), and Non-HIV/Non L. infantum infection (control subjects). Results: The cross-sectional study showed 24.2% of HIV+ subjects had positive anti-IgG Leishmania antibodies. After 3 years, 2.4% (8 of 333) of these HIV/Leish coinfected subjects developed AIDS/VL, whereas 1.05% (11 of 1,039) of HIV subjects with negative leishmania serology developed AIDS/VL. Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (p=0.0008) or prior opportunistic infections (p=0.0007) was associated with development of AIDS/VL. CD4+ (p=0.29) and CD8+ (p=0.38) T cells counts or viral load (p=0.34) were similar between asymptomatic HIV/Leish and HIV subjects. However, activated CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+ T cells were higher in asymptomatic HIV/Leish than HIV group. Likewise, senescent (CD57+) or exhausted (PD1+) CD8+ T cells were higher in asymptomatic HIV/Leish than in AIDS/VL or HIV groups. Conclusion: Although asymptomatic HIV/Leish subjects had normal and similar CD4+ and CD8+ T cells counts, their CD8+T cells had increased activation, senescence, and exhaustion, which could contribute to risk of developing VL.

DC-SIGN receptor is expressed by cells from cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions and differentially binds to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes.

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3-grabbing non integrin receptor (DC-SIGN) binds to subgenera Leishmania promastigotes mediating its interaction with DC and neutrophils, potentially influencing the infection outcome. OBJECTIVES: In this work, we investigated whether DC-SIGN receptor is expressed in cells from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions as well as the in vitro binding pattern of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Lb) and L. (L.) amazonensis (La) promastigotes. METHODS: DC-SIGN receptor was labeled by immunohistochemistry in cryopreserved CL tissue fragments. In vitro binding assay with CFSE-labeled Lb or La promastigotes and RAJI-transfecting cells expressing DC-SIGN (DC-SIGNPOS) or mock-transfected (DC-SIGNNEG) were monitored by flow cytometry at 2 h, 24 h and 48 h in co-culture. RESULTS: In CL lesion infiltrate, DC-SIGNPOS cells were present in the dermis and near the epidermis. Both Lb and La bind to DC-SIGNPOS cells, while binding to DC-SIGNNEG was low. La showed precocious and higher affinity to DC-SIGNhi population than to DC-SIGNlow, while Lb binding was similar in these populations. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that DC-SIGN receptor is present in L. braziliensis CL lesions and interact with Lb promastigotes. Moreover, the differences in the binding pattern to Lb and La suggest DC-SIGN can influence in a difference way the intake of the parasites at the first hours after Leishmania infection. These results raise the hypothesis that DC-SIGN receptor could participate in the immunopathogenesis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis accounting for the differences in the outcome of the Leishmania spp. infection.

Edible Plant Extracts against Aedes aegypti and Validation of a Piper nigrum L. Ethanolic Extract as a Natural Insecticide.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito significantly impacts public health, with vector control remaining the most efficient means of reducing the number of arboviral disease cases. This study screened the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of common edible plant extracts. Piper nigrum L. (black pepper) extract production was optimized using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and validated following regulatory requirements using HPLC-PDA analytical methodology to quantify its major component-piperine. Larvicidal activity was determined for the standardized P. nigrum fruit ethanol extract (LC50 1.1 µg/mL) and piperine standard (LC50 19.0 µg/mL). Furthermore, 9-day residual activity was determined for the extract (4 µg/mL) and piperine (60 µg/mL), with daily piperine quantification. Semi-field trials of solid extract formulations demonstrated 24-day activity against Ae. aegypti larvae. Thus, the standardized P. nigrum extract emerges as a potential candidate for insecticide development to control the arboviral vector.

Interface entre trabalho e família no período da pandemia da COVID-19: percepção de teletrabalhadores e gestores de Recursos Humanos / The interface between work and family in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic: perception of teleworkers and Human Resources managers / Interfaz entre trabajo y familia en el período de la pandemia de COVID-19: percepción de teletrabajadores y gestores de Recursos Humanos

INTRODUÇÃO: Família e trabalho configuram-se como domínios que auxiliam na compreensão do comportamento do indivíduo de forma coletiva e individual. A pandemia da COVID-19 e a adesão ao home office tornaram relevante pensar nas interfaces estabelecidas entre trabalho-família e, também, no papel dos gestores organizacionais nessa relação. OBJETIVO: Identificar como teletrabalhadores e profissionais de gestão de pessoas/saúde ocupacional (GP/SO) têm percebido as interfaces entre trabalho-família em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19. METODOLOGIA: O trabalho foi composto por dois estudos complementares: uma revisão de literatura e uma pesquisa empírica sobre a percepção de profissionais de gestão de pessoas/saúde ocupacional. Para a revisão, buscas nas bases eletrônicas Scielo, Pepsic e Lilacs foram realizadas, sendo selecionados artigos científicos que abordassem o equilíbrio entre trabalho e família durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Para a pesquisa empírica, participaram do estudo 38 profissionais de GP/SO, que responderam a um questionário online. As respostas foram analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se na visão dos teletrabalhadores, mudanças na dinâmica trabalho-família, dificuldades financeiras, necessidade de usar novas tecnologias para a realizar o trabalho, prejuízos à saúde mental, questões relacionadas a gênero e possíveis estratégias de enfrentamento. Na visão da GP/SO, os trabalhadores tiveram dificuldade em conciliar trabalho-família. A falta de equipamentos e ambiente adequados influenciaram de forma negativa na produtividade. CONCLUSÃO: Acredita-se que o cenário pandêmico, associado ao aumento da jornada de trabalho e à cobrança excessiva por produtividade, tenha elevado o nível de tensão/estresse entre os indivíduos, gerando desequilíbrio entre as esferas familiar e ocupacional.

INTRODUCTION: Family and work are configured as domains that help in understanding the individual's behavior collectively and individually. The COVID-19 pandemic and remote work adherence made it relevant to think about the interfaces established between family work and also on the role of organizational managers in this relationship OBJECTIVE: To identify how teleworkers and people management/ occupational health professionals (PM/OHP) have perceived the interfaces between work and family during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: The present work consisted of two complementary studies: a literature review and one empirical research about the perception of PM/OHP regarding the same phenomenon. For the review, searches were performed in the Scielo, Pepsic, and Lilacs electronic databases, and scientific articles that addressed the balance between work and family during the COVID-19 pandemic. For the empirical research, 38 PM/OHP participated in the study, and answered an online questionnaire. The answers were analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS: It was identified in the view of teleworkers, changes in work-family dynamics, financial difficulties, the need to use new technologies to perform work, damage to mental health, gender-related issues and possible coping strategies. In the PM/OHP view, workers had difficulty reconciling family and work. The lack of adequate equipment and environment negatively influenced productivity. CONCLUSION: It's believed that the pandemic scenario, associated with the increase in working hours and excessive demands for productivity, has increased the level of tension and stress among individuals, generating an imbalance in the family and occupational spheres.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La familia y el trabajo se configuran como dominios que ayudan a comprender el comportamiento del individuo de manera colectiva e individual. La pandemia de COVID-19 y la adhesión al home office hicieron relevante pensar en las interfaces establecidas entre el trabajo familiar y también en el papel de los gerentes organizacionales en esta relación OBJETIVO: Identificar cómo los teletrabajadores y los profesionales de la gestión de personas/salud ocupacional (PGP/SO) han percibido las interfaces entre el trabajo y la familia durante la pandemia de COVID-19. METODOLOGÍA: El presente trabajo consistió en dos estudios complementarios: una revisión bibliográfica y una investigación empírica sobre la percepción de PM/OHP respecto al mismo fenómeno. Para la revisión, se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos electrónicas Scielo, Pepsic y Lilacs, y artículos científicos que abordaron el equilibrio entre el trabajo y la familia durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Para la investigación empírica, 38 PGP/SO participaron en el estudio, quienes respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Las respuestas fueron analizadas mediante análisis de contenido temático. RESULTADOS: Se identificó, en vista de los teletrabajadores, cambios en la dinámica trabajo-familia, dificultades financieras, necesidad de utilizar nuevas tecnologías para realizar el trabajo, daños a la salud mental, cuestiones relacionadas con el género y posibles estrategias de afrontamiento. Desde el punto de vista de PGP/SO, los trabajadores tenían dificultades para conciliar el trabajo familiar. La falta de equipos y entornos adecuados influyó negativamente en la productividad. CONCLUSIÓN: Se cree que el escenario de pandemia, asociado al aumento de la jornada laboral y a las demandas excesivas de productividad, ha aumentado el nivel de tensión y estrés entre los individuos, generando un desequilibrio en los ámbitos familiar y ocupacional.

Impact of Anxiety on Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptoms of Burnout in Multi-Professional Residents in Brazil During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and to identify associated factors among multi-professional residents in Brazil during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study included a sample of 752 multi-professional residents selected by snowball technique. Symptoms of anxiety were measured by the Beck anxiety inventory scale (≥ 16 cut-off). We used WHOQOL-BREF to access the health-related quality of life and the Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure the burnout syndrome. PR and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the Poisson regression model. The prevalence of anxiety was 41.2% (310/752). Some variables were strongly associated with anxiety: afraid of getting COVID-19; extra work demand during COVID-19 pandemic; sweating/wheezing/increased heart rate during work; feeling safe when using personal protective equipment at work, and psychological support from residence preceptors. Residents with symptoms of anxiety showed high emotional exhaustion at work (36.6 ± 9.6 vs. 24.7 ± 10.7, P = 0.001) and depersonalization (8.9 ± 6.0 vs. 5.6 ± 4.9, P = 0.001). Correlations coefficients between emotional exhaustion versus Physical WHOQOL-BREF and between emotional exhaustion versus Psychological WHOQOL-BREF were significantly lower among residents without anxiety (P = 0.027 and P = 0,03, respectively). The prevalence of anxiety was high and strongly associated with several variables, particularly with being afraid of getting COVID-19, the perception of workload, somatization (sweating, wheezing and increased heart rate during work), feeling unsafe when using personal protective equipment, and lack of psychological support from residence preceptors. Anxiety was associated with increased emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low health-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Low WHOQOL-BREF environment domain, and high emotional exhaustion MBI domain increased the chances of presenting symptoms of anxiety.

Validation of the brazilian version of the Penn State College of Medicine Professionalism Questionnaire / Validação da versão brasileira do Questionário de Profissionalismo da Penn State College of Medicine

Abstract Introduction: Assessing professionalism represents a challenge for medical educators given the nature of its construct, which comprises diverse values, beliefs, and principles. Understanding this psychological phenomenon is fundamental for reaching the goals in medical education. Objective: This study aimed to translate into Brazilian Portuguese and to validate the Penn State College of Medicine Professionalism Questionnaire. Method: The questionnaire was translated, and cross-culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese using data from 249 medical students. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted, using a polychoric matrix and the Robust Diagonally Weighted Least Squares method of extraction. The following model adequacy indexes and criteria were used: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) adjustment indexes <0.08, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) >0.90. Result: The exploratory factor analysis obtained a KMO = 0.920, and a significant Bartlett's test of sphericity (2719.0, gl = 630; P <0.001). The parallel analysis yielded a three-factor solution, which showed adequate levels of reliability: Professional-Patient Relationship, Professional Development and Ethical Commitment. The three-factor solution was the best one found to represent the data. Conclusion: The questionnaire evidenced good psychometric properties and appropriateness to evaluate medical students' professionalism, contributing to reach more desirable ethical standards in medical education.

Resumo Introdução: Avaliar o profissionalismo representa um desafio para os educadores médicos dada a natureza de seu construto que compreende diversos valores, crenças e princípios. A compreensão desse fenômeno psicológico é fundamental para o alcance dos objetivos da educação médica. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos traduzir para o português brasileiro e validar o Questionário de Profissionalismo da Penn State College of Medicine. Método: O questionário foi traduzido e adaptado transculturalmente para o português brasileiro com dados de 249 estudantes de Medicina. Na condução da análise fatorial exploratória, utilizaram-se uma matriz policórica e o método de extração Robust Diagonally Weighted Least Squares. Os seguintes índices e critérios de adequação do modelo foram usados: índices de ajuste da raiz quadrada da média do erro de aproximação (RMSEA) < 0,08, índice de ajuste comparativo (CFI) e índice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI) > 0,90. Resultado: A análise fatorial exploratória obteve um KMO = 0,920 e um teste de esfericidade de Bartlett significativo (2719,0, gl = 630; P < 0,001). A análise paralela resultou em uma solução de três fatores que apresentou níveis adequados de confiabilidade: relacionamento profissional-paciente, desenvolvimento profissional e compromisso ético. A solução de três fatores foi considerada a melhor para representar os dados. Conclusão: O questionário evidenciou boas propriedades psicométricas e adequação para avaliar o profissionalismo dos estudantes de Medicina, contribuindo para o alcance de padrões éticos mais desejáveis na educação médica.

DC-SIGN receptor is expressed by cells from cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions and differentially binds to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes

BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3-grabbing non integrin receptor (DC-SIGN) binds to subgenera Leishmania promastigotes mediating its interaction with DC and neutrophils, potentially influencing the infection outcome. OBJECTIVES In this work, we investigated whether DC-SIGN receptor is expressed in cells from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions as well as the in vitro binding pattern of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Lb) and L. (L.) amazonensis (La) promastigotes. METHODS DC-SIGN receptor was labeled by immunohistochemistry in cryopreserved CL tissue fragments. In vitro binding assay with CFSE-labeled Lb or La promastigotes and RAJI-transfecting cells expressing DC-SIGN (DC-SIGNPOS) or mock-transfected (DC-SIGNNEG) were monitored by flow cytometry at 2 h, 24 h and 48 h in co-culture. RESULTS In CL lesion infiltrate, DC-SIGNPOS cells were present in the dermis and near the epidermis. Both Lb and La bind to DC-SIGNPOS cells, while binding to DC-SIGNNEG was low. La showed precocious and higher affinity to DC-SIGNhi population than to DC-SIGNlow, while Lb binding was similar in these populations. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that DC-SIGN receptor is present in L. braziliensis CL lesions and interact with Lb promastigotes. Moreover, the differences in the binding pattern to Lb and La suggest DC-SIGN can influence in a difference way the intake of the parasites at the first hours after Leishmania infection. These results raise the hypothesis that DC-SIGN receptor could participate in the immunopathogenesis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis accounting for the differences in the outcome of the Leishmania spp. infection.

Vegetable glycerin e-cigarette aerosols cause airway inflammation and ion channel dysfunction.

Vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG) serve as delivery vehicles for nicotine and flavorings in most e-cigarette (e-cig) liquids. Here, we investigated whether VG e-cig aerosols, in the absence of nicotine and flavors, impact parameters of mucociliary function in human volunteers, a large animal model (sheep), and air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). We found that VG-containing (VG or PG/VG), but not sole PG-containing, e-cig aerosols reduced the activity of nasal cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in human volunteers who vaped for seven days. Markers of inflammation, including interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-8 (IL8) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) mRNAs, as well as MMP-9 activity and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression levels, were also elevated in nasal samples from volunteers who vaped VG-containing e-liquids. In sheep, exposures to VG e-cig aerosols for five days increased mucus concentrations and MMP-9 activity in tracheal secretions and plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1). In vitro exposure of HBECs to VG e-cig aerosols for five days decreased ciliary beating and increased mucus concentrations. VG e-cig aerosols also reduced CFTR function in HBECs, mechanistically by reducing membrane fluidity. Although VG e-cig aerosols did not increase MMP9 mRNA expression, expression levels of IL6, IL8, TGFB1, and MUC5AC mRNAs were significantly increased in HBECs after seven days of exposure. Thus, VG e-cig aerosols can potentially cause harm in the airway by inducing inflammation and ion channel dysfunction with consequent mucus hyperconcentration.

Análises das invariâncias e normas para Escala de Conflito Trabalho-Família no Brasil / Analysis of invariance and norms for the Work-Family Conflict Scale in the Brazilian context / Análisis de invariancia y normas para la escala de conflictos trabajo-familia en el contexto brasileño

Conflito trabalho-família é um fenômeno de relevância para a psicologia, uma vez que diz respeito à impossibilidade de conciliar demandas advindas desses dois domínios. Há evidências sobre impactos em domínios da vida dos indivíduos, famílias e organizações. O presente estudo traz evidências adicionais de validade da Escala de Conflito Trabalho-família para o contexto brasileiro, a partir de análises de invariância por sexo e região do país. São apresentadas normas específicas por sexo e região. Participaram da pesquisa 1787 pessoas de três regiões do território brasileiro (sul, sudeste e nordeste). Dentre os participantes, 934 identificaram-se como do sexo feminino (52,3%). Os resultados evidenciaram que o modelo teórico que sustenta a medida não teve ajuste psicométrico favorável em todos os contextos avaliados. Uma versão reduzida com seis itens do instrumento, juntamente com testes de invariância configural, escalar e métrica, tanto por sexo, quanto por região de origem do participante é apresentada. (AU)

Work-family conflict is a phenomenon of relevance to psychology since it concerns the impossibility of reconciling the demands arising from these two domains. Furthermore, there is evidence of impacts in domains for individuals, families, and organizations. The present study provides additional evidence of the validity of the Work-Family Conflict Scale for the Brazilian context, based on analyses of invariance by sex and region of the country, as well as specific norms by sex and region. Participants were 1787 people from three regions of the Brazilian territory (south, southeast, and northeast). Among the participants, 934 identified as female (52.3%). The results showed that the theoretical model that supports the measure did not have a favorable psychometric adjustment in all contexts evaluated. A shorter version with six items of the instrument, along with configural, scalar, and metric invariance tests, both by sex and by the participant's region of origin, is presented. (AU)

El conflicto trabajo-familia es un fenómeno relevante para la psicología, ya que se refiere a la imposibilidad de conciliar las demandas que surgen de estos dos dominios. Hay evidencia de impactos en los dominios para individuos, familias y organizaciones. El presente estudio proporciona evidencias adicionales de la validez de la Escala de Conflicto Trabajo-Familia para el contexto brasileño, a partir de análisis de invarianza por sexo y región del país. Se presentan normas específicas por sexo y región. Participaron de la investigación un total de 1787 personas de tres regiones del territorio brasileño (Sur, Sudeste y Nordeste). Entre los participantes, 934 se identificaron como mujeres (52,3%). Los resultados mostraron que el modelo teórico que respalda la medida no tuvo un ajuste psicométrico favorable en todos los contextos evaluados. Se presenta una versión reducida con seis ítems del instrumento, junto con pruebas de invarianza configuracional, escalar y métrica, tanto por género como por región de origen del participante. (AU)

Validation of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey questionnaire in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life is frequently used as an outcome measure that improves the quality of care. The SF-36 and RAND-36 were derived from the Medical Outcomes Study. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to validate the RAND-36 in Brazil, in healthy individuals and patients with liver disease. METHODS: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted by using JASP Software. The parameters of the items were estimated using the Robust Diagonally Weighted Least Squares (RDWLS) approach. Comparative fit index (CFI), Goodness-of-fit index (GFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were evaluated. Internal consistency was measured using the Composite reliability index. Convergent validity between RAND-36 domains and Work Ability Index (WAI) was conducted. RESULTS: This validation study included 763 individuals, 400 (52.4%) with chronic liver disease. The most prevalent liver diseases were hepatitis C (13.9%), alcoholic liver disease (11.8%), and steatosis (12.1%). The measurement model tested using the CFA obtained the following adjustment indicators: X2 (df): 599.65 (498); CFI: 0.998; GFI: 0.998; TLI: 0.998; RMSEA: 0.016 (90%CI: 0.011-.021). Convergent validity of RAND-36 and total WAI ranged from medium to large correlation. CONCLUSION: The RAND-36 is effective in measuring the perception of health-related quality of life in individuals with and without chronic liver disease. The results of our study support the developer's claims for the reliability of the RAND-36 version 1 as a measure of health-related quality of life. The evidence for the construct validity of the RAND-36 was substantial.

Persistence of airway inflammation in smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes.

As opposed to smoking cessation with nicotine-replacement therapy and/or varenicline, nicotine-containing e-cigarette use does not improve some airway inflammatory markers. https://bit.ly/3FyqIt9.

Validation of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey questionnaire in Brazil / Validação do questionário RAND 36-Item Health Survey no Brasil

ABSTRACT Background: Health-related quality of life is frequently used as an outcome measure that improves the quality of care. The SF-36 and RAND-36 were derived from the Medical Outcomes Study. Objective The present study aimed to validate the RAND-36 in Brazil, in healthy individuals and patients with liver disease. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted by using JASP Software. The parameters of the items were estimated using the Robust Diagonally Weighted Least Squares (RDWLS) approach. Comparative fit index (CFI), Goodness-of-fit index (GFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were evaluated. Internal consistency was measured using the Composite reliability index. Convergent validity between RAND-36 domains and Work Ability Index (WAI) was conducted. Results: This validation study included 763 individuals, 400 (52.4%) with chronic liver disease. The most prevalent liver diseases were hepatitis C (13.9%), alcoholic liver disease (11.8%), and steatosis (12.1%). The measurement model tested using the CFA obtained the following adjustment indicators: X2 (df): 599.65 (498); CFI: 0.998; GFI: 0.998; TLI: 0.998; RMSEA: 0.016 (90%CI: 0.011-.021). Convergent validity of RAND-36 and total WAI ranged from medium to large correlation. Conclusion: The RAND-36 is effective in measuring the perception of health-related quality of life in individuals with and without chronic liver disease. The results of our study support the developer's claims for the reliability of the RAND-36 version 1 as a measure of health-related quality of life. The evidence for the construct validity of the RAND-36 was substantial.

RESUMO Contexto: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde é frequentemente usada como uma medida de resultado que melhora a qualidade da atenção à saúde. O SF-36 e o RAND-36 foram derivados do Medical Outcomes Study. Objetivo O presente estudo teve como objetivo validar o RAND-36 no Brasil, em indivíduos saudáveis e pacientes com doença hepática. Métodos: A análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) foi realizada usando o software JASP. Os parâmetros do elemento foram estimados usando o método Robust Diagonally Weighted Least Squares (RDWLS). O índice de ajuste comparativo (CFI), o índice de adequação (GFI), o índice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI) e o erro quadrático médio de aproximação (RMSEA) foram avaliados. A consistência interna foi medida pelo índice de confiabilidade composta. A validade convergente foi realizada entre os domínios do RAND-36 e o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT). Resultados : Este estudo de validação incluiu 763 indivíduos, 400 (52,4%) com doença hepática crônica. As doenças hepáticas mais prevalentes foram hepatite C (13,9%), doença alcoólica do fígado (11,8%) e esteatose (12,1%). O modelo de medida testado com a AFC obteve os seguintes indicadores de ajuste: X2 (gl): 599,65 (498); CFI: 0,998; GFI: 0,998; TLI: 0,998; RMSEA: 0,016 (90%CI: 0,011-0,021). A validade convergente do RAND-36 e do ICT total variou de média a grande correlação. Conclusão: O RAND-36 é eficaz para medir a percepção da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em indivíduos com e sem doença hepática crônica. Os resultados do nosso estudo apoiam as afirmações dos desenvolvedores sobre a confiabilidade do RAND-36 versão 1 como uma medida de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. A evidência para a validade do construto do RAND-36 foi substancial.

Trastornos mentales y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en profesionales de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos / Mental disorders and health-related quality of life in Intensive Care Units professionals

Resumen Los profesionales de la salud de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) enfrentan situaciones de sufrimiento humano, competitividad y demanda, que podrían perjudicar su calidad de vida y su salud mental. El objetivo del estudio fue describir los trastornos mentales comunes y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en profesionales de la salud de la UCI en Salvador, Brasil. Este estudio transversal con 195 profesionales utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y laboral, el Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) de trastornos mentales comunes y el 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36v2) de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. El 29.7 % de los profesionales presentaron trastornos mentales comunes, especialmente entre profesionales de enfermería (RP = 2.28; IC 1.19-4.39; p = .007). La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud para todos los profesionales estuvo disminuida, principalmente en función social (44.25 ± 10.15) y rol emocional (45.86 ± 10.58). El SRQ-20 correlacionó fuertemente con los dominios dolor corporal (r = -.502), salud general (r = -.526), vitalidad (r = -.656), función social (r = -.608), salud mental (r = -.631) y el componente de salud mental (r = -.638) del SF-36v2 (p < .01). Los profesionales con trastornos mentales comunes mostraron una calidad de vida relacionada con la salud más deteriorada, esencialmente en dominios del componente de salud mental, y refirieron también dolor corporal. Es necesario discutir e implementar estrategias de evaluación, prevención y promoción de la salud mental entre los profesionales de las UCI para que sean consideradas dentro de las políticas de salud laboral.

Trastornos mentales comunes y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mental en trabajadores de salud bucal / Common mental disorders and mental health-related quality of life among oral health providers

Introducción: Existen pocos estudios sobre los trastornos mentales comunes y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mental en trabajadores de salud bucal. Objetivo: Describir los trastornos mentales comunes y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mental en trabajadores de equipos de salud bucal en atención primaria de salud del Sistema Único de Salud de la Región Metropolitana de Salvador de Bahía, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal y descriptivo, que utilizó el Cuestionario de declaración de síntomas para evaluar trastornos mentales comunes, el Cuestionario de salud para calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica. Resultados: Conformaron la muestra 161 profesionales (59,6 por ciento odontólogos y 40,4 por ciento auxiliares de salud bucal). El promedio de la puntuación para Cuestionario de declaración de síntomas fue mayor para los odontólogos (p = 0,032). Los dominios de salud mental del Cuestionario de salud fueron menores y significativos en odontólogos. Tres factores del Cuestionario de declaración de síntomas presentaron alta correlación negativa con los dominios de salud mental del Cuestionario de salud. Conclusiones: Los odontólogos presentaron mayores síntomas de trastornos mentales comunes y deterioro de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mental que los auxiliares de salud bucal, siendo necesarias estrategias de promoción de la salud mental para trabajadores de los equipos de salud bucal(AU)

Introduction: Few studies are available about common mental disorders and mental health-related quality of life among dental healthcare providers. Objective: Describe the common mental disorders and the mental health-related quality of life of members of oral health teams from the primary health care section of the Unified Health System in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador de Bahia, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted based on the Symptom reporting questionnaire for the evaluation of common mental disorders, the Health questionnaire about health-related quality of life, and a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire. Results: The study sample was composed of 161 professionals, of whom 59.6 percent were dentists and 40.4 percent were dental auxiliaries. Dentists obtained a higher average score in the Symptom reporting questionnaire (p = 0.032), whereas their scores in the mental health domains of the Health questionnaire were lower and significant. Three factors in the Symptom reporting questionnaire exhibited a high negative correlation with the mental health domains of the Health questionnaire. Conclusions: Dentists presented greater symptoms of common mental disorders and mental health-related quality of life deterioration than dental auxiliaries. It is therefore necessary to implement mental health promotion strategies aimed at members of oral health teams(AU)