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1.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385700

RESUMO

RESUMEN: El desplazamiento del disco articular (DA) constituye una artropatía intracapsular en la que el disco se desplaza de su relación funcional con el cóndilo mandibular y la porción articular del hueso temporal. El desplazamiento del disco puede ser antero-medial, anterior, antero-lateral, lateral, medial o posterior, siendo este último uno de los menos frecuentes. El presente reporte tuvo como objetivo describir las manifestaciones clínicas y evaluación imagenológica mediante resonancia magnética (RM) de un desplazamiento posterior del disco (DPD) en la articulación temporomandibular (ATM). Presentación del caso: paciente masculino, de 35 años de edad quien a la exploración clínica, refirió dolor a la palpación lateral y posterior en la ATM izquierda, se observó desvío mandibular hacia el lado derecho, dificultad para realizar movimientos de lateralidad y limitación de la apertura oral. Intraoralmente, se evidenció mordida cruzada en zona canina derecha y facetas de desgaste en caninos superiores e incisivos inferiores. En imágenes sagitales de RM a boca cerrada se verificó en ambas articulaciones, el aplanamiento del DA, la localización de la banda anterior sobre la vertiente anterior de la cabeza de la mandíbula, de manera que el resto del disco estaba extendido hacia la vertiente posterior, ocupando parte de la zona retrodiscal; en el plano coronal la posición del DA estaba íntimamente relacionada con los polos lateral y medial de la cabeza de la mandíbula. Las características imagenológicas fueron sugestivas de DPD. El DPD es una artropatía poco frecuente de la ATM, siendo que las imágenes por RM muestran con precisión la relación DA-cóndilo, lo que posibilita su diagnóstico y permite al clínico tomar las decisiones idóneas para la atención del paciente.


ABSTRACT: The displacement of the articular disc (AD) constitutes an intracapsular arthropathy in which the disc is displaced from its functional relationship with the mandibular condyle and the articular portion of the temporal bone. It is frequently medial, anteromedial, or anterolateral, with posterior displacement being rare. The objective of this report was to describe the clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a disc posterior displacement (PDD) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Case presentation: a 35-year-old male patient who reported on clinical examination, pain on lateral and posterior palpation in the left TMJ; mandibular deviation to the right side, difficulty in making lateral movements, and limitation of mouth opening were observed. Intraorally, cross bite was observed in the right canine area and wear facets in the upper canines and lower incisors. In closed mouth MRI sagittal views, the flattening of the DA, the location of the anterior band on the anterior aspect of the mandibular head, was verified in both joints, so that the rest of the disc was extended towards the posterior aspect, occupying part from the retrodiscal zone; in the coronal plane the position of the DA was closely related to the lateral and medial poles of condyle. Imaging characteristics were suggestive of PDD. Conclusions: PDD is a rare arthropathy of the TMJ, since MRI images accurately show the DA-condyle relationship, which enables its diagnosis and allows the clinician to make the best decisions for patient care.

2.
Brain Sci ; 10(9)2020 Sep 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32962200

RESUMO

Glucose transporter (GLUT)3 up-regulation is an adaptive response activated to prevent cellular damage when brain metabolic energy is reduced. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory features that protects neurons against damage induced in cerebral ischemia. Since transcription factors sensitive to oxidative stress and inflammation modulate GLUT3 expression, the purpose of this work was to assess the effect of resveratrol on GLUT3 expression levels after ischemia. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by different times of reperfusion. Resveratrol (1.9 mg/kg; i. p.) was administered at the onset of the restoration of the blood flow. Quantitative-PCR and Western blot showed that MCAO provoked a substantial increase in GLUT3 expression in the ipsilateral side to the lesion of the cerebral cortex. Immunofluorescence assays indicated that GLUT3 levels were upregulated in astrocytes. Additionally, an important increase in GLUT3 occurred in other cellular types (e.g., damaged neurons, microglia, or infiltrated macrophages). Immunodetection of the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) showed that MCAO induced severe damage to the neuronal population. However, the administration of resveratrol at the time of reperfusion resulted in injury reduction. Resveratrol also prevented the MCAO-induced increase of GLUT3 expression. In conclusion, resveratrol protects neurons from damage induced by ischemia and prevents GLUT3 upregulation in the damaged brain that might depend on AMPK activation.

3.
Nutr Neurosci ; 21(4): 229-247, 2018 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28195005

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Cerebral ischemia is a neurological condition in which energetics and oxidative stress are dysregulated. Resveratrol is a stilbene with potent pharmacological effects associated with its antioxidant properties. In the brain, resveratrol produces protective responses against ischemia, decreases infarct volume and improves neurological function. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular sensor that acts as a switch to initiate adaptive changes in response to fluctuations in energy metabolism. RESULTS: In ischemia, AMPK is activated, nevertheless conflicting results about its contribution to protection have become apparent, and this matter continues without resolution. Interestingly, AMPK activation by resveratrol has been implicated in regulating cell survival in different experimental models. Although resveratrol's ability to regulate AMPK directly or after signaling is only beginning to be understood, targeting this enzyme by resveratrol in brain suggest that it could contribute to the amelioration of some pathologic features induced after an energetic deficit. CONCLUSION: The present review discusses the potential role of resveratrol in regulating AMPK activity on brain before, during, or after ischemia and offer suggestions for feasible future studies.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/enzimologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Estilbenos/uso terapêutico , Quinases Proteína-Quinases Ativadas por AMP , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Neuroproteção/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases/fisiologia , Resveratrol , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Estilbenos/farmacologia
4.
Adv Neurobiol ; 16: 269-282, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28828615

RESUMO

Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) expressed in astrocytes remove the glutamate released by neurons in and around the synaptic cleft. In this manner, astrocytes preserve the signaling functions mediated by glutamate on synapses and prevent excitotoxicity. Additionally, EAAT activation stimulates glucose utilization in astrocytes, linking neuronal activity with astrocyte metabolism. In this chapter, we briefly review the characteristics of the EAATs and the glucose transporters (GLUTs) expressed in the brain. Thereafter, we focus on the effect of EAATs activation and its association with glucose utilization in astrocytes, specifically addressing the role played by Na+ and Ca2+ ions. Next, we analyze evidence that proposes mechanisms by which the activity of GLUTs could be modulated after EAAT activation (e.g., kinases altering GLUTs traffic to cell membrane). Finally, we analyzed the current knowledge on EAAT function during energy deficiency as a possible inducer of GLUT expression to prevent neuronal damage.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteínas Facilitadoras de Transporte de Glucose/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Glutamato da Membrana Plasmática/metabolismo , Animais , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Neurônios/metabolismo
6.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 4(3): 174-182, jun.2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-779219

RESUMO

Longitudinal differences on the left and right sides of the jaw with respect to the midline in three spatial planes are called mandibular asymmetries. Objective: To determine the frequency of mandibular asymmetries in three spatial planes by means of Cone Beam computed tomography (CBCT) and classify them according to the degree of difference between both sides. Methods: A total of 40 Cone Beam volumetric tomography (New Tom 3G Cone Beam Volumetric tomographic scanner) records were analyzed using simple random sampling of patients between the ages of 18 and 70 from 2011 until 2013. Axial slices were obtained from the lingula in cranio-caudal direction every 5 mm until the gonial angle. Results: From the records, 2.5 percent showed moderate degree of difference in the length of the mandibular body with predominance on the right side. For breadth of the ramus, predominance was found on the left side. In the length of the mandibular ramus, 10 percent presented moderate degree of predominance on the right side. Conclusions: 1) asymmetries are more frequent at the level of the mandibular ramus thickness; (2) moderate and severe degrees of differences are most frequently found in the mandibular ramus thickness. 3) It is not possible to proportionally determine mandibular ramus thickness only with a 2D image...


Se denominan asimetrías mandibulares a las diferencias longitudinales de los lados derecho e izquierdo de la mandíbula con respecto a la línea media en los tres planos espaciales. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de asimetrías mandibulares en los tres planos del espacio por medio de tomografía computarizada Cone Beam (TCCB) y clasificarlas según el grado de diferencia entre ambos lados. Métodos: Se analizaron 40 registros de tomografía volumétrica Cone Beam, (New Tom 3G Cone Beam Volumetric Tomographic Scanner) mediante muestreo aleatorio simple de pacientes entre los 18 y 70 años de edad, entre los años 2011 y 2013. Se obtuvieron cortes axiales a partir de la língula en sentido cráneo-caudal cada 5 mm hasta llegar al ángulo goníaco. Resultados: El 2,5 por ciento de los registros presentaron diferencias moderadas en la longitud del cuerpo mandibular con predominio del lado derecho. En la amplitud de la rama se encontró predominio del lado izquierdo. En la longitud de la rama mandibular el 10 por ciento presentó predominio moderado del lado derecho. Conclusiones: 1) las asimetrías más frecuentes se encuentran a nivel del grosor de las ramas mandibulares. 2) Los grados de diferencias moderados y altos se presentan con mayor frecuencia en el grosor de las ramas mandibulares. 3) No es posible determinar proporcionalmente el grosor de las ramas mandibulares obteniendo solo una imagen 2D...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Mandíbula , Colômbia
7.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 24(1): 35-43, ene.-feb. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-120809

RESUMO

El Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha está desarrollando la integración de niveles asistenciales a partir del reto que supone el envejecimiento de la población de la región. El envejecimiento se asocia a cronicidad y a concurrencia progresiva de varias enfermedades. Esto supone un reto asistencial de primer orden, con pacientes más frágiles y con nuevas necesidades. También un reto de sostenibilidad: la concurrencia de varias enfermedades crónicas dispara el coste de la atención, hecho especialmente grave en momentos de grave crisis económica. Uno de los pilares de la estrategia de abordaje de la cronicidad en nuestra región es la integración asistencial, en un esfuerzo por adaptar la organización a las nuevas necesidades. Presentamos el balanced scorecard o cuadro de mando integral del proceso de integración, tal y como ha sido diseñado. Hasta el momento ya se ha realizado la integración de atención primaria y hospitalaria a nivel organizativo, y se ha realizado un trabajo de desarrollo de procesos asistenciales integrados, con el fin de hacer que la integración sea una realidad a nivel asistencial. En el ámbito de la financiación se está implantando progresivamente un sistema prospectivo por capitación. Se ha conseguido ya una convergencia de los costes per cápita en las distintas áreas sanitarias integradas. Las enfermeras tienen un rol clave en este proceso, en sus competencias de educadores/entrenadores en autocuidados, en el rol de gestores de casos en pacientes con condiciones de especial complejidad y en el rol de profesionales de enlace para mejorar la transición entre ámbitos y unidades de atención


Castilla-La Mancha Health Service is developing the integration of care levels due to the challenge of an aging population in the region. Aging is associated with chronic diseases and an increasing number of concomitant diseases. This poses a major care challenge care, with more fragile patients and new needs. This also requires a sustainable approach: the concurrence of several chronic diseases affects the cost of care, which is especially acute in times of severe economic crisis. One of the pillars of the strategy for dealing with chronic diseases in our region is care integration, in an effort to adapt the organization to the new needs. The Balanced Scorecard or Integrated Scorecard of the integration process was introduced as it has been designed. The integration of primary and hospital care at an organizational level has already been completed, and the development of integrated care processes has also been performed in order to achieve real integration at care level. To help finance this, a prospective capitation system is gradually being implemented, achieving a convergence of per capita costs in the different health areas integrated. Nurses has a key role in this process, their skills as educators and trainers in self-care, in the role of case managers of patients with particularly complex conditions, and the role of professional liaison to improve the transition between care areas and units


Assuntos
Humanos , Administração de Caso/organização & administração , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Assistência Integral à Saúde/organização & administração , Dinâmica Populacional , Pacientes Domiciliares , Direitos do Paciente/tendências , Integração de Sistemas , Gestão da Informação em Saúde
8.
Enferm Clin ; 24(1): 35-43, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24468496

RESUMO

Castilla-La Mancha Health Service is developing the integration of care levels due to the challenge of an aging population in the region. Aging is associated with chronic diseases and an increasing number of concomitant diseases. This poses a major care challenge care, with more fragile patients and new needs. This also requires a sustainable approach: the concurrence of several chronic diseases affects the cost of care, which is especially acute in times of severe economic crisis. One of the pillars of the strategy for dealing with chronic diseases in our region is care integration, in an effort to adapt the organization to the new needs. The Balanced Scorecard or Integrated Scorecard of the integration process was introduced as it has been designed. The integration of primary and hospital care at an organizational level has already been completed, and the development of integrated care processes has also been performed in order to achieve real integration at care level. To help finance this, a prospective capitation system is gradually being implemented, achieving a convergence of per capita costs in the different health areas integrated. Nurses has a key role in this process, their skills as educators and trainers in self-care, in the role of case managers of patients with particularly complex conditions, and the role of professional liaison to improve the transition between care areas and units.


Assuntos
Doença Crônica/terapia , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde , Humanos
9.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 16(1/2): 6-14, jul.-dic. 2004-ene.-jun. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-456780

RESUMO

Existe una posición natural para cada paciente respondiendo a muchos factores individuales y ambientales, como los de sobrevivencia, independiente de la oclusión. El propósito de este estudio fue valorar las diferencias diagnósticas radiográficas entre la posición natural de la cabeza (PNC) y la posición inducida por los auriculares del cefalostato en la angulación craneocervical. Se evaluaron treinta pacientes, a quienes se les tomó dos radiografías cefálicas laterales, en posición natural de la cabeza y con cefalostato. Se clasificaron en los biotipos I, II y III según sus características faciales y el ángulo ANB. Se compararon las mediciones angulares entre ambas técnicas y para cada biotipo. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre ambas técnicas de toma radiográfica para el biotipo III, mientras que en los biotipos I y II ambas técnicas mostraron resultados similares. En los sujetos con biotipo III se sugiere tomar la radiografía cefálica lateral en PNC.


Assuntos
Cabeça , Cefalometria/métodos , Radiologia , Radiografia/métodos
10.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 13(1): 65-69, jul.-dic. 2001. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-318398

RESUMO

El objetivo de este reporte fue revisar la literatura disponible y recopilar la información clínico-patorradiológica de un caso en el que se presentó transformación de un quiste dentígero a un ameloblastoma. Se analizaron las características de ambas lesiones para determinar la veracidad del potencial ameloblastomatoso del quiste dentígero. Se discute la posibilidad de que la lesión hubiese sido desde el comienzo una neoplasia mal diagnosticada, y el aceirto terapéutico al darle un manejo conservador, dada la edad del paciente


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Ameloblastoma , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Cisto Dentígero/complicações , Cisto Dentígero/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Colômbia , Cisto Dentígero/cirurgia , Cisto Dentígero/epidemiologia , Cisto Dentígero
11.
Salud pública Méx ; 43(3): 237-247, mayo-jun. 2001. CD-ROM
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-309572

RESUMO

Helicobacter pylori ha adquirido gran importancia durante las últimas dos décadas, al ser reconocido como un importante patógeno que infecta una gran porción de la población humana. Este microrganismo es reconocido como el principal agente que causa la gastritis crónica y la úlcera duodenal, además de que se ha asociado con el subsecuente desarrollo del carcinoma gástrico. Los mecanismos patogénicos de H. pylori y su relación con los padecimientos gástricos no se han definido en forma clara. Sin embargo, actualmente está bien establecido que la ureasa, la citotoxina vacuolizante VacA y los productos de los genes de la isla de patogenicidad (cag PAI) son los principales factores de virulencia de este organismo. Así, los individuos infectados con cepas que expresan dichos factores de virulencia, probablemente manifiesten una marcada inflamación local que podría inducir el desarrollo de úlcera péptica y cáncer gástrico. La manera como la infección se propaga a nivel mundial sugiere la posibilidad de múltiples vías de transmisión. A consecuencia de la importancia que H. pylori ha adquirido como patógeno humano, los laboratorios del mundo se esfuerzan para desarrollar una vacuna que confiera protección inmunológica de larga duración contra la infección por este microorganismo. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar los hallazgos más relevantes sobre la biología de H. pylori y su interacción con su huésped humano. El texto completo de este artículo también está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.htm


Assuntos
Neoplasias Gástricas , Helicobacter pylori , Infecções por Helicobacter , Úlcera Péptica/etiologia , Vacinas , Fatores de Risco , Citotoxinas
12.
Cochabamba; UMSS-Fac. Agronomía. TESIS; 1989. 178 ; 28 cm p. ilus.
Tese em Espanhol | LIBOCS, LIBOSP | ID: biblio-1334619
13.
Artigo em Espanhol | PAHO | ID: pah-34769

RESUMO

A Pilot campaign against onchocerciasis based upon the administration of suramin sodium was conducted in Yepocapa, Chenaltenango, Guatemala. This caused a spectacular reduction in the incidence of persons with demonstrable microfilariae. Suramin administered orally to children was not effective


The suramin used in this trial was considerably more toxic than that used in preliminary studies. It is felt that the brand used in this pilot campaign should only be used on hospitalized patients or those with constant medical supervision. Future medical programs should use only well established brands such as those in constant use in Africa for the treatment of sleeping sickness(AU)


Assuntos
Oncocercose/tratamento farmacológico , Seguimentos , Guatemala
14.
Artigo | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-14372

RESUMO

A Pilot campaign against onchocerciasis based upon the administration of suramin sodium was conducted in Yepocapa, Chenaltenango, Guatemala. This caused a spectacular reduction in the incidence of persons with demonstrable microfilariae. Suramin administered orally to children was not effective


The suramin used in this trial was considerably more toxic than that used in preliminary studies. It is felt that the brand used in this pilot campaign should only be used on hospitalized patients or those with constant medical supervision. Future medical programs should use only well established brands such as those in constant use in Africa for the treatment of sleeping sickness(AU)


Assuntos
Oncocercose , Seguimentos , Guatemala
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