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1.
Molecules ; 28(2)2023 Jan 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36677645

RESUMO

Women have a high susceptibility to the negative effects of stress. Hormonal changes experienced throughout their reproductive life partially contribute to a higher incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms, particularly, during natural or surgical menopause. In preclinical research, the flavonoid chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) exerts anxiolytic- and anti-despair-like effects; however, it is unknown whether chrysin exerts a protective effect against the behavioral changes produced by acute stress on locomotor activity and behavioral despair in rats at 12-weeks post-ovariectomy. Ovariectomized female Wistar rats were assigned to eight groups: vehicle group (10% DMSO), three groups with chrysin and three groups with the same dose of allopregnanolone (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg), and one group with diazepam (2 mg/kg). The treatments were administered for seven consecutive days and the effects were evaluated in the locomotor activity and swimming tests. Chrysin (2 mg/kg) increased the latency to first immobility and decreased the total immobility time in the swimming test as the reference drugs allopregnanolone and diazepam (2 mg/kg); while locomotor activity prevented the behavioral changes produced by swimming. In conclusion, chrysin exerts a protective effect against the behavioral changes induced by acute stress, similarly to the neurosteroid allopregnanolone and the benzodiazepine diazepam in rats subjected to a surgical menopause model.


Assuntos
Flavonoides , Pregnanolona , Ratos , Feminino , Animais , Ratos Wistar , Pregnanolona/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Diazepam/farmacologia , Menopausa
2.
Folia Histochem Cytobiol ; 59(3): 145-156, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34309826

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: A recent study has shown a close neuroanatomical relationship between the enkephalinergic (methionine-enkephalin) and tachykininergic (substance P) systems in the alpaca diencephalon. In this study, our aim is to show this relationship in the alpaca brainstem. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using an immunohistochemical technique, the distribution of immunoreactive (Ir) fibers and cell bodies containing substance P (SP) or methionine-enkephalin (MET) has been studied in the alpaca brainstem. Five adult males were used; brain tissue was fixed and processed by standard methods. RESULTS: SP- and MET-Ir fibers showed a widespread and similar distribution in the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata. The co-localization of fibers containing SP or MET was found in most of the nuclei/tracts of the alpaca brainstem. This close neuroanatomical relationship suggests multiple physiological interactions between both neuropeptides. The distribution of the cell bodies containing SP was very restricted (cell bodies were only observed in a few nuclei located in the mesencephalon and medulla oblongata), whereas MET-Ir perikarya showed a moderately widespread distribution in the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata. CONCLUSIONS: This study increases the knowledge on the neuroanatomical distribution/relationship of the tachykininergic (SP) and enkephalinergic (MET) systems in the alpaca central nervous system.


Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos , Animais , Tronco Encefálico/metabolismo , Camelídeos Americanos/metabolismo , Diencéfalo/metabolismo , Encefalina Metionina/metabolismo , Masculino , Substância P
3.
Folia Histochem Cytobiol ; 58(2): 135-146, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32412087

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In the alpaca diencephalon, the distribution of immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers containing methionine-enkephalin (MET) or substance P (SP) has been studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The immunohistochemical study was performed by standard method on the diencephalon of four male alpacas that lived at sea level. RESULTS: Nerve fibers containing MET or SP were widely distributed in the thalamus and hypothalamus. METand SP-immunoreactive fibers showed a similar distribution in the whole diencephalon. Immunoreactive cell bodies containing MET or SP were only observed in the hypothalamus. The distribution of MET-immunoreactive cell bodies was more widespread than that observed for cell bodies containing SP. CONCLUSIONS: A close neuroanatomical relationship between the tachykininergic (SP) and enkephalinergic (MET) systems was observed in the whole diencephalon suggestive of the existence of multiple physiological interactions between both systems.


Assuntos
Encefalina Metionina/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/anatomia & histologia , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Substância P/metabolismo , Tálamo/anatomia & histologia , Tálamo/metabolismo , Animais , Camelídeos Americanos , Masculino
4.
J Evid Based Integr Med ; 23: 2515690X18762953, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29540064

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Montanoa frutescens and Montanoa grandiflora have been indistinctly used for centuries in traditional Mexican medicine for reproductive impairments, anxiety, and mood disorders. Preclinical studies support their aphrodisiac and anxiolytic properties, but their effects on mood are still unexplored. METHODS: The effects of 25 and 50 mg/kg of M frutescens and M grandiflora extracts were evaluated on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of treatment, and compared with fluoxetine (1 mg/kg) and Remotiv (7.14 mg/kg) in Wistar rats. The participation of GABAA receptor in the effects produced by the treatments was explored. RESULTS: Montanoa extracts reduced immobility since day 1 of treatment, while fluoxetine and Remotiv required 14 days. The GABAA antagonism blocked the effects of Montanoa extracts, but not of fluoxetine or Remotiv. CONCLUSIONS: Montanoa extracts prevented quickly the stress-induced behaviors in the swimming test through action at the GABAA receptor, exerting a protective effect different to the typical antidepressants drugs.

5.
Folia Histochem Cytobiol ; 56(1): 49-58, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29516445

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The distribution of the immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers containing neurotensin in the alpaca diencephalon was determined by an immunohistochemical technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out in four male alpacas that lived at sea level. Brains of deeply anesthetized animals were fixed by perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde. Cryostat sections were stained by a standard immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Cell bodies containing neurotensin were observed in the zona incerta and hypothalamus. A low/moderate density of these cell bodies was observed in the lateral hypothalamic area, anterior and dorsal hypothalamic areas, suprachiasmatic nucleus, periventricular region of the hypothalamus and in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. In both thalamus and hypothalamus, immunoreactive fibers showed a widespread distribution. In the thalamus, a high density of these fibers was mainly found in the midline nuclei, whereas in the hypothalamus a high density was in general observed in the whole structure. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with other mammals, the thalamus of the alpaca showed the most widespread distribution of neurotensin-immunoreactive fibers. The widespread distribution of neurotensin through the alpaca diencephalon suggests that the peptide can be involved in many physiological actions.


Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos , Diencéfalo/metabolismo , Neurotensina/metabolismo , Animais , Corpo Celular/química , Corpo Celular/metabolismo , Diencéfalo/química , Hipotálamo/química , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Neurotensina/química
6.
Microsc Res Tech ; 78(5): 363-74, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25754727

RESUMO

Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, we studied the distribution of cell bodies and fibers containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca brainstem. Immunoreactive fibers were widely distributed throughout the whole brainstem: 34 brainstem nuclei/regions showed a high or a moderate density of these fibers. Perikarya containing the peptide were widely distributed throughout the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata. Cell bodies containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) were observed in the lateral and medial divisions of the marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, reticular formation (mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata), inferior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, superior colliculus, pericentral division of the dorsal tegmental nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, nucleus of the trapezoid body, vestibular nucleus, motor dorsal nucleus of the vagus, nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus praepositus hypoglossi, and in the substantia nigra. This widespread distribution indicates that somatostatin-28 (1-12) is involved in multiple physiological actions in the alpaca brainstem.


Assuntos
Tronco Encefálico/química , Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/análise , Somatostatina-28/análise , Animais , Imuno-Histoquímica
7.
J Chem Neuroanat ; 35(4): 346-55, 2008 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18420379

RESUMO

In this study, we demonstrate the presence of immunoreactive structures containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the alpaca brainstem. This is the first time that a detailed mapping of the cell bodies and fibers containing this neuropeptide in the alpaca brainstem has been carried out using an immunocytochemical technique. Immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers were widely distributed throughout the alpaca brainstem. A high density of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive perikarya was found in the superior colliculus, the dorsal nucleus of the raphe, the trochlear nucleus, the lateral division of the marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, the motor trigeminal nucleus, the facial nucleus, the pons reticular formation, the retrofacial nucleus, the rostral hypoglossal nucleus, and in the motor dorsal nucleus of the vagus, whereas a high density of fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide was observed in the lateral division of the marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, the parvocellular division of the alaminar spinal trigeminal nucleus, the external cuneate nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the laminar spinal trigeminal nucleus, and in the area postrema. This widespread distribution indicates that the neuropeptide studied might be involved in multiple functions in the alpaca brainstem.


Assuntos
Tronco Encefálico/citologia , Tronco Encefálico/metabolismo , Peptídeo Relacionado com Gene de Calcitonina/biossíntese , Camelídeos Americanos/anatomia & histologia , Camelídeos Americanos/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Animais , Axônios/metabolismo , Axônios/ultraestrutura , Mapeamento Encefálico , Forma Celular/fisiologia , Dendritos/metabolismo , Dendritos/ultraestrutura , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Vias Neurais/citologia , Vias Neurais/metabolismo , Especificidade da Espécie
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