Critical comparison between modified Monier-Williams and electrochemical methods to determine sulfite in aqueous solutions.

In the present work, known concentration of sulfite aqueous solutions in the presence and absence of gallic acid was measured to corroborate the validity of modified Monier-Williams method. Free and bound-sulfite was estimated by differential pulse voltammetry. To our surprise, the modified Monier-Williams method (also known as aspiration method) showed to be very inaccurate for free-sulfite, although suitable for bound-sulfite determination. The differential pulse approach, using the standard addition method and a correction coefficient, proved to be swift, cheap, and very precise and accurate.

Derivaciones directas vs. indirectas a rehabilitación desde atención primaria / Direct vs. indirect referrals to rehabilitation from primary care

Se estudia la derivación a rehabilitación de pacientes afectos de algias y entesopatías directamente desde atención primaria (AP) o a través del servicio de traumatología, con el objetivo de comparar el tiempo de espera tras la derivación directa desde el médico de AP a rehabilitación, con derivación indirecta (DI), esto es, llegar a rehabilitación tras haber pasado por consulta de traumatología y analizar qué aporta la consulta de traumatología, además del aumento en la demora. El objetivo último de este trabajo es comparar la efectividad de las derivaciones. Material y métodos. Se seleccionan 787 pacientes remitidos a rehabilitación entre julio de 2007 y julio de 2008 por patología del aparato locomotor, que se agrupan en dos categorías, 239 corresponden a procesos cuya derivación a través de traumatología es incuestionable y 548 que llamamos «algias y entesopatías». Material y métodos. De esas 548, un 66% proceden de traumatología (DI) y un 34% han sido derivadas directamente desde AP. Material y métodos. Se describen las características de los pacientes y se analiza qué le aporta la consulta de traumatología a los de DI. Resultados y conclusión. La derivación directa desde AP a rehabilitación para algias y entesopatías puede contribuir a evitar demoras innecesarias y consultas duplicadas (AU)

We studied the referral to rehabilitation of patients affected by joint pain and enthesophatiy directly from Primary Care or by an orthopaedist. The aim of the study is to compare waiting times following direct referral from a primary care physician to rehabilitation, with those following indirect referral, that is, arriving at Rehabilitation after orthopaedist consultation. We also studiet the orthopaedist consultation contribution apart from increased delay. The goald of this paper is to seek improved effectiveness of referral. Material and methods. We selected 787 patientes referred to Rehabilitation between July 2007 and July 2008 due to musculoskeletal pathology. These were then grouped into two categories, 239 related to patients whose referral via orthopaedist is irrefutable, and 548 wich we call "Joint and Enthesophaty". Of these 548, 66% came from orthopaedist (Indirec referral) and 34% were referred directly from Primary Care. Material and methods. We described the patients charactheristics and discussed the orthopaedist consultation contribution to those patients who were indirectly referred. Results and conclusion. Direct referral from Primary care to Rehabilitation for Joint Pain and Enthesophaty can help avoid unnecessary delais and duplicateds consultation (AU)

Characterization of a neutral polysaccharide with antioxidant capacity from red wine.

A neutral fraction (PS-SI) (0.3g/L) with MW of 74kDa, which contained galactose, arabinose, mannose, and glucose in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.6:0.4:0.2 was obtained by treatment of the whole polysaccharide extracted from red wine with cetrimide, followed by gel permeation chromatography. Spectroscopic and methylation analyses indicated that PS-SI is a mixture of neutral polysaccharides, consisting mainly of beta (1-->3)-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with side chains of galactopyranosyl residues at positions O-6. Arabinofuranosyl residues linked alpha (1-->5), alpha-mannopyranosyl and glucosyl residues appear to be components of different polysaccharides. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of fractions of wine polysaccharide was studied by hydroxyl radical scavenging and ORAC assays. Fraction PS-SI presented the strongest effect on hydroxyl radicals (IC(50)=0.21).

Implicaciones bioéticas en la toma de decisiones en medicina de rehabilitación / Bioethical implications in decision making in rehabilitation medicine

Trabajar por la salud de los ciudadanos de una manera respetuosa y responsable en el complejo mundo en que vivimos, plantea en ocasiones conflictos de intereses e, incluso, dilemas éticos. La bioética se ocupa de ayudar a resolverlos.Atrás quedan los tiempos de señores y vasallos, los ciudadanos son conscientes de su derecho a participar en las decisiones que atañen a su salud, siendo ésta el equilibrio entre los riesgos a perderla y los recursos para protegerla.Queda todavía un largo camino que recorrer hasta la comprensión del verdadero sentido del consentimiento informado, de las voluntades anticipadas, del derecho a la confidencialidad con las restricciones para el acceso a la historia clínica, etc.La práctica de la medicina de rehabilitación no escapa a esta realidad general y esto, junto a una utilización racional de los recursos que están en nuestras manos, constituye nuestra asignatura pendiente (AU)

Assessment of bracket placement and bond strength when comparing direct bonding to indirect bonding techniques.

A clinical evaluation was made to determine the advantages and disadvantages of two currently used techniques for bonding brackets to teeth of orthodontic patients. The two techniques were compared with respect to (1) bracket placement, (2) bond strength, (3) rate of failure, and (4) clinical and laboratory time involved in the two procedures. Vertical bracket placement showed no statistically significant differences. The only exceptions were the maxillary canines, where the indirect technique yielded better results (P less than 0.05), and the mandibular second premolars where the direct-bonded brackets were placed closer to ideal (P less than 0.01). Angular bracket placement showed statistically significant differences on the maxillary (P less than 0.01) and mandibular (P less than 0.05) canines, with the indirect bonds being more accurate. The bond strength results indicated great variability from one patient to another. The bracket failures, recorded 3 months after appliance placement, were 4.5 percent for the indirect technique and 5.3 percent for the direct technique. Average time needed for completion of the direct bonding technique was 42.18 minutes. The indirect technique and laboratory procedures required 53.73 minutes, of which 23.91 minutes represented actual clinical time.