[Post-tonsillectomy hyponatremia: a posible lethal complication]. / Hiponatremia post-adenotonsilectomía en niños: una posible complicación letal.

Death following tonsillectomy in children is very rare. It is most commonly due to bleeding or aspiration. But, there is another potentially lethal complication following the pediatric tonsillectomy, post-surgical hyponatremia. Acute hyponatremia can lead to catastrophic neurological sequelae. Although this cmplication is not related to the surgical technique, it is potentially life-threatening. The most important factor for hospital acquired hyponatremia is the administration of excessive amounts of hypotonic fluid in situations in wich antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted for non osmotic reasons. We will discuss the etiology and pathophysiology of post-operative hyponatremia. We expect that fatal post-operative hyponatremia can be avoided in pediatric tonsillectomy patients.

[Primary nasal tuberculosis: a forgotten disease?]. / Tuberculosis nasal primaria: una patología olvidada?

Nasal tuberculosis represents a rare manifestation of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clinically, it appeared to resemble cancer presenting as a nasopharyngeal mass with concomitant enlarged lymph nodes. It is important to consider tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of all nasopharyngeal lesions and take biopsy samples for histological and bacteriological studies. Antituberculosis treatment is satisfactory with standard anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. Although this is a rare finding, it should be considered when a patient presents with nasal obstruction.

[Riedel's thyroiditis: a report of a case with fatal outcome]. / Tiroiditis de Riedel: a propósito de un caso de evolución letal.

The Riedel's thyroiditis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland characterized by a process of fibrosis that destroys the gland partially, extending to the adjacent cervical structures. Its origin is unknown, although there are several theories in this respect. The clinical manifestations are not specific and it confuses frequently with neoplasia or infection, like a hard and painless thyroid mass that causes compressive symptoms. In this work, we report a case with lethal outcome.

[Rosai-Dorfman disease (sinus histiocytosis with multiple lymphadenopathy]. / Enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman (histiocitosis sinusal con linfadenopatías masivas): a propósito de un caso.

The entity known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), or Rosai-Dorfman disease, is an uncommon benign proliferation of hematopoietic and fibrous tissue is that often present in the head and neck region. Its initial manifestations include bilateral cervical adenopathies, and in a high percentage it has an extranodal affectation. Its cause is unknown and it usually resolves satisfactorily. We present a case and we revise the literature.