RESUMO
A model for conceptualizing the components or elements of attention is presented. The model substitutes for the diffuse and global concept of "attention" a group of four processes and links them to a putative system of cerebral structures. Data in support of the model are presented; they are derived from neuropsychological test scores obtained from two samples, the first consisting of 203 adult neuropsychiatric patients and normal control subjects, and the second, an epidemiologically-based sample of 435 elementary school children. Principal components analyses of test scores from these two populations yielded similar results: a set of independent elements of attention that are assayed by different tests. This work presents a heuristic for clinical research in which the measurement of attention is essential.
Assuntos
Atenção , Dano Encefálico Crônico/psicologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Adulto , Atenção/fisiologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/fisiopatologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Dano Encefálico Crônico/diagnóstico , Dano Encefálico Crônico/fisiopatologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , PsicometriaRESUMO
The unequal prevalence of hyperactivity in Britain and the U.S. was investigated with a cross-national diagnostic study. Case histories of 6-11-yr-old boys were evaluated by British and American research teams as well as British and American clinician panels using both ICD-9 and DSM-III. Interrater agreement was acceptably high only for the specially trained research teams. ICD-9 generated fewer diagnoses of Hyperkinetic Syndrome than did DSM-III of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity. The difference was greatest for U.K. clinicians. Diagnostic scheme and clinician training both contribute to the difference in reported rates.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Comparação Transcultural , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Manuais como Assunto , Psicometria , Reino Unido , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 52 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The postoperative results, 6-24 months following the operation, were evaluated according to a calcium-parathormone normogram. In 48 patients the values returned to the normal zone. Two patients had persistent hypercalcemia. The other two patients remained in the hyperparathyroid zone of the normogram, with moderate elevations of serum parathormone, in spite of normocalcemia. The significance of the failure to achieve normal circulating parathormone levels in patients with postoperative eucalcemia is discussed. The importance of serum parathormone and calcium relationship in the evaluation of patients following parathyroidectomy is emphasized.
