Immunosuppression reversible; marqueurs du foie; des reins et metabolisme phosphocalcique chez le lapin sain

But : Le but de cette etude a ete de determiner la ou les doses de Methylprednisolone qui induit une immunodepression reversible dans un temps long sans perturber les marqueurs du foie; des reins et du metabolisme phosphocalcique chez le lapin sain. Materiel et methodes : Cette etude a ete effectuee chez quinze lapins. Ils ont constitue cinq lots selon l'administration de Nacl et du Methylpredmisolone. Lot control (Nacl 0; 9); Lot I (2;5mg/kg MP); Lot II (5mg/kg MP); Lot III (10mg/kg MP) et Lot IV (15 mg/kg MP). Les marqueurs biochimiques ont ete doses par des methodes chimique et enzymatique. Resultats : Les resultats ont montre une immunodepression pendant 7 jours avec les doses de 10 et 15 mg/kg de MP (P0;05). Les perturbations biochimiques ont ete observees avec 15 mg/kg ou le calcium a ete abaisse a J15 et la TGO augmentee a J3 par rapport a J0 (P0;05). Conclusion : Cette etude a montre que les doses qui induisent une longue immunodepression (7 jours) sont 10 et 15 mg/kg de MP. Elle suggere que la dose qui ne perturbe pas les parametres biochimiques induisant une immunodepression longue reversible est 10 mg /kg de MP

Effet des malnutritions mineure et moderee sur les proteines immunitaires; inflammatoires et nutritionnelles chez l'enfant en Cote d'Ivoire

But : le but de cette etude a ete de determiner les perturbations des proteines immunitaire; inflammatoires et nutritionnelles chez 142 enfants dont 42 ont presente une malnutrition (30 malnutris mineurs et 12 moderes). Materiel et methodes : Cette etude a ete realisee en Cote d'Ivoire chez les enfants de 5 a 15 ans. L'etat nutritionnel ou l'etat de malnutrition a ete apprecie par le rapport Poids/Taille qui est de loin le plus utilise. Les proteines immunitaires; inflammatoires et nutritionnelles ont ete dosees par immunodiffusion radiale de Mancini. Resultats : Les resultats de cette etude ont montre que l'Albumine a ete abaissee (p0;05) au cours de la malnutrition moderee et mineure en comparaison aux sujets normonutris. En revanche; il a ete observe une elevation de la CRP dans les deux formes de malnutrition (p0;01). De meme ; l'index pronostique nutritionnel et inflammatoire qui permet d'apprecier simultanement l'etat inflammatoire et nutritionnel (PNI) a ete augmente dans la malnutrition moderee par rapport a la malnutrition mineure (p0;05) et aux sujets normonutris (p0;01). Par ailleurs; les proteines immunitaires restent inchangees dans les deux formes de malnutrition en comparaison aux sujet normonutris (p0;05). Conclusion : Cette etude a montre que les malnutritions moderee et mineure chez les enfants de plus de 5 ans sont accompagnes toujours de processus inflammatoire et d'une consommation proteique notamment l'Albumine. Enfin; ces observations suggerent que la determination du statut nutritionnel avec les parametres anthropometriques (Poids/Taille) necessite l'utilisation des examens biologiques

Effet des malnutritions mineure et moderee sur les proteines immunitaires; Inflammatoire et nutritionnelles chez l'enfant en Cote d'Ivoire

But : le but de cette etude a ete de determiner les perturbations des proteines immunitaire; inflammatoires et nutritionnelles chez 142 enfants dont 42 ont presente une malnutrition (30 malnutris mineurs et 12 moderes). Materiel et methodes : Cette etude a ete realisee en Cote d'Ivoire chez les enfants de 5 a 15 ans. L'etat nutritionnel ou l'etat de malnutrition a ete apprecie par le rapport Poids/Taille qui est de loin le plus utilise. Les proteines immunitaires; inflammatoires et nutritionnelles ont ete dosees par immuno- diffusion radiale de Mancini. Resultats : Les resultats de cette etude ont montre que l'Albumine a ete abaissee (p0;05) au cours de la malnutrition moderee et mineure en comparaison aux sujets normonutris. En revanche; il a ete observe une elevation de la CRP dans les deux formes de malnutrition (p0;01). De meme ; l'index pronostique nutritionnel et inflammatoire qui permet d'apprecier simultanement l'etat inflammatoire et nutritionnel (PNI) a ete augmente dans la malnutrition moderee par rapport a la malnutrition mineure (p0;05) et aux sujets normonutris (p0;01). Par ailleurs; les proteines immunitaires restent inchangees dans les deux formes de malnutrition en comparaison aux sujet normonutris (p0;05). Conclusion : Cette etude a montre que les malnutritions moderee et mineure chez les enfants de plus de 5 ans sont accompagnes toujours de processus inflammatoire et d'une consommation proteique notamment l'Albumine. Enfin; ces observations suggerent que la determination du statut nutritionnel avec les parametres anthropometriques (Poids/Taille) necessite l'utilisation des examens biologiques

[Anaemia, iron index status and acute phase proteins in malaria (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire)]. / Anémie, métabolisme du fer et protéines de la réaction inflammatoire au cours du paludisme (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire).

Clinical signs of malaria are the combined expression of several biological mechanisms. During this parasite infection, anaemia can be the consequence of several different pathogenic mechanisms. It can be an acute haemolytic anaemia due to a mechanical and immune action of the parasite or an inflammation. Besides, in Africa malaria matches with iron deficiency area. So, malarial anaemia in tropical area can be a characteristic of iron deficiency The purpose of this survey was to define the features of malarial anaemia and elucidate the link of all biological processes involved. A black population living in tropical urban areas, with fever and diagnosed Plasmodium-infection was assessed. Parasitaemia, haemoglobin, hematocrit, average corpuscular volume and average corpuscular haemoglobin were determined. For each patient, iron index status and acute phase protein were assessed with the plasmatic iron, ferritin, haptoglobin, transferrin and C-reactive protein. Regardless of gender and age, the characteristics of malarial anaemia are microcythaemia and hypochromia. Anaemia occurs as frequently as parasitaemia is high. When parasitaemia is low anaemia gets a haemolytic feature. When parasitaemia is high, anaemia gets haemolytic and inflammatory features. Anaemia occurs more often with a good iron index status.

Uptake and kinetic properties of choline and ethanolamine in Plasmodium falciparum

Purpose: The asexual proliferation of Plasmodium; inside the erythrocyte; is accompanied by the synthesis of huge quantities of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and phospha- tidylethanolamine (PtdEtn). These needful phospholipids for the cytoplasmic membrane of the merozoites are provided by the precursors choline and ethanolamine. PtdCho and PtdEtn are synthesized by the parasite because the erythrocyte is unable to do it. In order to assess the dynamism of the phospholipid pathways; we aimed to inves- tigate the respective shape of the uptake of choline and ethanolamine by Plasmodium falciparum. Method: Time-course experiments and kinetic assays were performed respectively with fixed and ranged concentrations of radioactively-labelled choline and ethanolamine. The labelled-precursors were added in the culture of P. falciparum infected-erythrocytes and the incorporated molecules in phospholipids were measured with a scintigraph counter. Result: The results showed that the incorpo- ration of precursors in the infected-erythrocyte occurred with a Michaelis-Menten's kinetic shape. According to the maximum rate (Vmax); the pathway of ethanolamine incorpo- ration was faster than that of choline. Similarly; affinity for ethanolamine was greater than that of choline. Conclusion: Although PtdCho is the major phospholipid in the membrane; this study rules out that the influx of ethanolamine in the infected-erythrocyte; in vivo conditions; is more dynamic than choline

[Biochemical profile of Buruli ulcer in Côte-d'Ivoire]. / Profil biochimique de l'ulcère de Buruli en Côte-d'Ivoire.

Our survey concerned seventy seven (77) patients suffering from Buruli ulcer and who have been classified according to two clinical situations: native ulcer, cleaned and clean ulcer The biochemical survey including about thirteen (13) parameters mainly conducted in clinic didn't show meaningful disturbance, apart from the CRP that proved to be positive in patients carrier of a native ulcer.

[Protein profile and vitamin A in children of school age in Ivory Coast]. / Profil protéique et vitamine A chez l'enfant d'âge scolaire en Côte d'Ivoire.

The purpose of this transverse prospective study was to determine blood nutritional, immunity and inflammatory proteins change in vitamin A deficiency in children of school-age (262 children, aged 7 to 15 years). Blood vitamin A has been determined by HPLC with UV detection. Proteins have been measured by radial immunodiffusion according to Mancini. Results showed that 96 children (36.6%) presented a vitamin A deficiency (vitamin A < 200 microg/L with a retinol binding protein/transthyretin molar ratio = 0.29 +/- 0.06) while 166 (63.3%) children presented normal blood concentrations of vitamin A (vitamin A > or = 200 microg/L with a Retinol Binding Protein/Transthyretin molar ratio = 0.40 +/- 0.08). This study showed that the retinol binding protein and the immunoglobulin A are lower in children with vitamin A deficiency. On the other hand, an isolated increase of alpha-1 glycoprotein acid has been observed in boys with vitamin A deficiency. The vitamin A deficiency observed in this survey is due to a micronutrients deficiency in the diet which is essentially based on glucides. The positive correlation between vitamin A and immunoglobulin A concentrations might be the result of the vitamin A inductive effect during immunoglobulins A synthesis. The isolated increasing of alpha-1 glycoprotein acid in boys with vitamin A deficiency has been assigned to the ecosensitiveness of the unfavourable environment. We therefore concluded that, in Ivorian primary-school-aged children with vitamin A deficiency, nutritional, immunity and inflammatory proteins which are modified are respectively retinol binding protein, immunoglobulin A and alpha-1 glycoprotein acid.

[Intestinal parasites, haematological profile and anthropometric status of schoolchildren in Cotê d'Ivoire]. / Parasites intestinaux, profil hématologique et statut anthropométrique de l'enfant scolarisé en Côte d'Ivoire.

In West Africa intestinal parasites diseases and lack of food are quoted among the main causes of childhood morbidity. This study aimed to assess both the frequency and the relationships between anthropometric values and haemogramme troubles among children living in a West tropical forest area. A cross-sectional survey was tested on a sample of 262 children drawn at two levels. The parameters studied were the weight, height, age, sex, percentiles at height per age and weight per height ratios, haemogramme and intestinal parasites. The results revealed that microcyte hypochrome anemia is generally dominant in the haematological profile. The intestinal parasites carriage has a frequency higher than 68%, but has no influence on either the haematological profile or the anthropometric status. However, the haematological troubles found during that experience revealed a strong association with weight-height ratio troubles. Furthermore, malnutrition signs were observed.