Biofabricated Green Synthesized Hibiscus Silver Nanoparticles Potentiate Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity in Human Lung Cancer Cells.

Traditional medicine has long employed the shrub Hibiscus sabdariffa to treat a variety of illnesses. The biochemical characteristics of silver nanoparticles made using the plant extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa were examined in this work. According to the results, the plant extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa had a total phenolic quantity of 84.9 mg/gm and a total quantity of flavonoids of 41.50 mg/gm. The extract also showed antibacterial action against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (75.15% scavenging activity). The silver nanoparticles of plant extracts were stable in PBS solution for at least 30 days and had a mean size of particles of 21.22 nm. Silver nanoparticles were shown to both be cytotoxic on human lung cancer cell line A-549 and have anti-inflammatory action. Overall, the research's findings demonstrate the fascinating biological activity of the silver nanoparticles made from the extract of the Hibiscus sabdariffa plant. To assess these compounds' potential as medicines, more research is required.

Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Amukkara choornam on experimental gastric ulcer in rats.

Amukkara choornam ethanolic extract (ACE) was investigated for phytochemical screening, content of total phenolics and flavonoids, in vitro radical scavenging activity (RSA), quantification of various antiulcer marker compounds (i.e., eugenol, piperine, trans-caryophyllene, and withaferine A) by a validated HPTLC method, and evaluated for its in vivo gastroprotective ability against ethanol (EtOH)-induced and pylorus ligation (PL)-induced ulcer models in rats. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, phenols, bitter principles, and steroids. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 61.12 ± 0.72 mg GAE/g of ACE and 24.06 ± 1.07 mg RE/g of ACE, respectively; this was found to be very high in plant extracts showing very good antioxidant and antiulcerogenic effect. RSA of ACE appeared significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of ascorbic acid (AA), but higher than that of ranitidine (RAN). In vivo the pretreatment of rats with RAN (100 mg/kg) and 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg doses of ACE significantly reduced the ulcer index in a dose-dependant manner in both the models by blocking lipid peroxidation and by significant increases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. But rats treated with AA (200 mg/kg) did not have any effect on the ulcer induced by EtOH or PL as it has very good in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. HPTLC analysis showed the presence of 0.198 ± 0.01 µg/g, 0.754 ± 0.06 mg/g, 3.50 ± 0.04, and 0.854 ± 0.04 µg/g of eugenol, piperine, trans-caryophyllene, and withaferine A per gram of Amukkara choornam (AC). So the antiulcerogenic activity of ACE might be due to a possible synergistic antioxidant, supported by the holistic approach of polyherbal formulations, i.e., systematism, multi-target and multi-channel owing to their complex chemical constituents and antihistaminic-like effects.

Isolation and characterization of anti-diabetic component (bioactivity-guided fractionation) from Ocimum sanctum L. (Lamiaceae) aerial part.

OBJECTIVE: To isolate and characterize antidiabetic component (bioactivity-guided fractionation) from hydro alcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum (O. sanctum) aerial part. METHODS: Ten fractions (F1-F10) were isolated from hydro alcoholic extract of O. sanctum aerial part by column chromatography. All the fractions F1 to F10 were screened for antidiabetic activity in alloxan induced diabetic rats by estimating serum glucose level and lipid parameters. The isolated bioactive component was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic (UV, IR, MS, (1)H and (13)C NMR) data analysis. RESULTS: The bioactive fraction (F5) was found to be potent antidiabetic by ameliorating glucose and lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol). The extensive spectroscopic data analysis reveals that, the isolated bioactive compound elucidated as tetracyclic triterpenoid [16-hydroxy-4,4,10,13-tetramethyl-17-(4-methyl-pentyl)-hexadecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one]. CONCLUSIONS: Our present study concluded that, tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from aerial part of O. sanctum has a great anti-diabetic potential.

Evaluation of antidiabetic and related actions of some Indian medicinal plants in diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate antidiabetic activity of chloroform extracts of Acacia arabica bark, Benincasa hispida fruit, Tinispora cordifolia stem, Ocimum sanctum areal parts and Jatropha curcus leaves. METHODS: The chloroform extracts of Acacia arabica bark, Benincasa hispida fruit, Tinospora cordifolia stem, aerial part of Ocimum sanctum and Jatropha curcus leaves were evaluated at different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight.) for antidiabetic potentials in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. The extracts were administered for two weeks in different groups whereas tolbutamide (80 mg/kg body weight) was used as reference standard throughout study. RESULTS: The result of present study showed test compounds significantly decreases elevated level of serum glucose and also caused to reverse the cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL values when compared to untreated diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding indicates that different test extracts were able to ameliorate the derangements in lipid metabolism caused by diabetes mellitus in alloxan induced diabetic rats towards normal level.

Effect of plumbagin free alcohol extract of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. root on reproductive system of female Wistar rats

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the effect of plumbagin-free alcohol extract (PFAE) of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. (Plumbaginaceae) (P. zeylanica) root, on female reproductive system and fertility of adult female wistar rats.@*METHODS@#After the oral acute toxicity study, the PFAE was administered at two dose levels to perform the estrous cycle study, anti-implantation and abortifacient activity and hormonal analysis. However, the estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity was evaluated at only one most effective dose.@*RESULTS@#LD(50) cut-off was 5,000 mg/kg body weight. The extract exhibited significant anti-implantation and abortifacient activity at the tested dose levels (300 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) (P<0.01). The extract dose-dependently decreased the levels of serum progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, while a dose-dependent increase was observed in the concentration of serum prolactin. The extract did not show any significant changes in structure and function of uterus when given alone, but when given along with ethinyl estradiol, it exhibited significant antiestrogenic activity in immature overiectomized female rats(P<0.001). Biochemical parameters in the serum/blood and haematological parameters did not show appreciable changes throughout and after the course of investigation. However, all the altered parameters returned to normalcy within 30 days following withdrawal of treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#All findings suggest that the antifertility activity of extract could possibly be through the changes in the implantation site, altered hormonal levels, prolonged estrous cycle and anti-estrogenic activity. Hence, the extract possesses reversible antifertility activity without adverse toxicity in female rats.

Pharmacognostic evaluation of toona ciliata bark.

Pharmacognostic standardizations of powdered and anatomical sections of the Toona ciliata bark was carried out to determine its macro- and microscopical characters and also some of its quantitative standards. Externally bark are Grey to reddish-brown in colour when it is dry, 200 mm in length, 20 to 60 mm in width and 2 to 3 mm in thickness outer surface brown coloured, strong odour, bitter taste, rough and hard, double quill and curved curvature. The transverse section (T. S.) revealed the presences of periderm, cortex, Sclerides, mednllary rays and phloem fiber. Physico-chemical evaluation includes ash values, extractive values and moisture content. These findings will be useful towards establishing pharmacognostic standards on identification, purity, quality and classification of the plant, which is gaining relevance in plant drug research.