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BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus which can spread from person to person. Health-care workers of any medical college and hospital are at more risk to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) than the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological profile of confirmed COVID-19 cases among health-care workers of Municipal Corporation of Delhi. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was planned among 422 health-care workers of Municipal Corporation of Delhi. The questionnaire consisted of questions about sociodemographic data, personal history, and clinical profile such as signs and symptoms and their duration. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21.0, and, Chi-square test and logistic regression were used. RESULTS: Mean age of study subjects was 41.1 ± 9.8 years, and males (57.6%) were more as compared to (42.4%) females. Out of total participants, about one-third (36.4%) of study participants were asymptomatic. Study participants with higher education status adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.43 (1.25-4.70), living in overcrowding AOR 3.74 (1.86-7.54), and having some comorbidity AOR 2.78 (1.57-4.92) were at higher risk of being symptomatic. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that about one-third of study participants were asymptomatic. Factors such as higher education status, living in overcrowding, presence of some comorbidity, and smokeless tobacco consumption were significantly associated with symptomatic COVID-19 cases. Hence, there is a need to identify these risk factors at an early stage in order to design prevention strategies for better control of such pandemics in future.
RESUMO
Background: Animal bites to humans are a public health problem. Rabies is caused by rhabdovirus which is present in the saliva of rabid animals like dogs, cats, monkeys, and wild animals like fox and jackals. Objective: To find the epidemiological pattern and trend analysis of animal bite cases registered in Anti-rabies clinic of tertiary care hospital of Delhi. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was planned in Anti-rabies clinic of Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, and data from January 2010 to December 2018 was taken. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21.0. Results: After interpretation of data from 2010 to 2018, it was found that maximum number of animal bite cases belonged to category 3 (91.0%) and majority (93.6%) were due to dog bite. On analysis of year and season wise trend, it was found that the frequency of cases showed a rising trend from the year 2010, with highest number of cases in the year 2014, while animal bite cases were maximum with arrival of spring season (month of April). Conclusion: This study concludes that animal bite cases are rising over the years and dog bites are most common animal bite cases in Delhi. Most of the animal bite cases occurred during spring season followed by autumn season of the year. So, there is dire need of strengthening the preventive measures for controlling animal bites in the study area.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Menopause is defined as the time of cessation of ovarian function resulting in permanent amenorrhea. Menopause is associated with various symptoms such as physical, vasomotor, sexual, and psychological symptoms. Depression is a common symptom in postmenopausal women as menopause is associated with the end of the fertile period of a women's life. Menopause is an important subject to study as due to increase in life expectancy and improved health care delivery number of postmenopausal women is significantly increasing. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of depression and its association with sociodemographic factors in postmenopausal women in an urban resettlement colony of Delhi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 580 postmenopausal women who were resident of Gokulpuri in North-East Delhi, using a predesigned, pretested, and semi-structured interview schedule. Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) scale was used to find out the prevalence of depression. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-22 version. RESULTS: In our study, 58.4% postmenopausal women were normal with no depression, 38.3% were in a mild depression, and 3.3% women were having moderate depression. Depression was more prevalent in women belonging to the younger age group, lower socioeconomic status, and illiterate women. Furthermore, the prevalence of depression was more in women who were divorced or widow. CONCLUSIONS: Study revealed prevalence of depression in significant number of postmenopausal women. To improve the quality of life of women in postmenopausal period, diagnosis of depression and relevant influencing factors is important.
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BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in India. The mother's awareness about the symptoms and risk factors has a large impact on the daughter's knowledge and attitude. Mother and adolescent daughter duos were selected as the sample as they are the target population at risk for suffering from carcinoma cervix. Mothers are the prime information providers and in an excellent position to aware their adolescent daughters about cervical cancer. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine knowledge and attitude of adolescent girls and their mothers regarding cervical cancer and to find the association between the education of the mothers and their knowledge about risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 duos of adolescent daughters along with their mothers residing in Balmiki Basti (Delhi), using a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured interview schedule. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-22 version. RESULTS: Only 61% of mothers and 52% of daughters have heard about cervical cancer. Inter-menstrual bleeding was the most common symptom recognized by the mother (50%) and daughter (44%) duos followed by postmenopausal bleeding (47% of mothers and 33% of daughters). Most common risk factors recognized by mothers and their daughters were promiscuity and tobacco and smoking. About 81% of mothers and 68% of daughters have a positive attitude toward internal examination by a gynecologist at least once in 3 years. Human papillomavirus infection was recognized as a risk factor by 13 among which 8 were educated till graduation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Study revealed a low-level knowledge about cervical cancer among adolescent daughters and their mothers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to empower the women by educating them on this issue. Furthermore, there is a need to encourage the mothers to communicate the right information to their adolescent daughters.
