Propagating wave merging in a precipitation reaction.

Propagating precipitation waves are a remarkable form of spatiotemporal behavior that arise through the coupling of reaction, diffusion, and precipitation. We study a system with a sodium hydroxide outer electrolyte and an aluminum hydroxide inner electrolyte. In a redissolution Liesegang system, a single propagating precipitation band moves down through the gel, with precipitate formed at the band front and precipitate dissolved at the band back. Complex spatiotemporal waves occur within the propagating precipitation band, including counter-rotating spiral waves, target patterns, and annihilation of waves on collision. We have also carried out experiments in thin slices of gel, which have revealed propagating waves of a diagonal precipitation feature within the primary precipitation band. These waves display a wave merging phenomenon in which two horizontally propagating waves merge into a single wave. Computational modeling permits the development of a detailed understanding of the complex dynamical behavior.

Mutual Information-Driven Feature Reduction for Hyperspectral Image Classification.

A hyperspectral image (HSI), which contains a number of contiguous and narrow spectral wavelength bands, is a valuable source of data for ground cover examinations. Classification using the entire original HSI suffers from the "curse of dimensionality" problem because (i) the image bands are highly correlated both spectrally and spatially, (ii) not every band can carry equal information, (iii) there is a lack of enough training samples for some classes, and (iv) the overall computational cost is high. Therefore, effective feature (band) reduction is necessary through feature extraction (FE) and/or feature selection (FS) for improving the classification in a cost-effective manner. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a frequently adopted unsupervised FE method in HSI classification. Nevertheless, its performance worsens when the dataset is noisy, and the computational cost becomes high. Consequently, this study first proposed an efficient FE approach using a normalized mutual information (NMI)-based band grouping strategy, where the classical PCA was applied to each band subgroup for intrinsic FE. Finally, the subspace of the most effective features was generated by the NMI-based minimum redundancy and maximum relevance (mRMR) FS criteria. The subspace of features was then classified using the kernel support vector machine. Two real HSIs collected by the AVIRIS and HYDICE sensors were used in an experiment. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed feature reduction approach significantly improved the classification performance. It achieved the highest overall classification accuracy of 94.93% for the AVIRIS dataset and 99.026% for the HYDICE dataset. Moreover, the proposed approach reduced the computational cost compared with the studied methods.