The outcome of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Descriptive Study.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the effectiveness of HIV guidelines in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). METHODS: A retrospective review from January 2009 to December 2018 at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The main outcome measures were characteristics of HIV-exposed patients and transmission rate. RESULTS: A total of 18 HIV-positive mothers and their 26 infants were included. The mean age of mothers at delivery was 31.69 years, and 50% were under 30 years old. All mothers received lifelong ART, except one who was not diagnosed until the 27th week of gestation. Among the mothers, 83% complied with treatment regimens, and 11% had ART resistance. Human immunodeficiency virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was undetectable in 19 pregnancies. Seven mothers had opportunistic infections and treatment was immediately initiated. After reviewing the infants' HIV PCR tests, the transmission rates of HIV were 0% for both spontaneous vaginal delivery and cesarean section. CONCLUSION: Many challenges face the efforts to decrease vertical HIV transmission, and a particular focus on the transitions between stages of care is needed. We believe that early screening, counseling, and regular follow-up have contributed to MTCT elimination.

Negative Appendectomy Rate and Risk Factors That Influence Improper Diagnosis at King Abdulaziz University Hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Acute Appendicitis is the most common emergent abdominal surgery worldwide. diagnosis based on clinical assessment, laboratory and radiological investigations and appendectomy is the treatment of choice. Removing a normal appendix is a relatively common surgical issue, defined as negative appendectomy (NA). Multiple risk factors contribute to NA; female gender, normal WBC, normal CRP count, and CT scan unavailability. However, recently NA is decreasing in incidence after CT scan and Alvarado scoring. AIM: We aimed to estimate the rate of negative appendectomy, and determine possible risk factors among King Abdulaziz University Hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Article has a retrospective character and included non-incidental 441 patients who undergo an appendectomy, during period 2008 to 2018. RESULTS: Negative Appendectomy incidence (9.5%) was higher among females at (64.3%). Gynecological complaints were seen in (22.2%) of cases with a sign for Negative Appendectomy. Surgery reports documented (29.6%) of female ovarian cyst diseases. Alvarado scoring at presentation was less than 7 in (69%) of cases with statistical significance value. Normal WBC count (50%), for automated neutrophil (45.2%) was high, and same number were recorded with the normal neutrophil count, all of them have statically significant relation with NA. CONCLUSION: Proper clinical evaluation involves documenting Alvarado score, using CRP, efficient radiological utilization. Also, considering more referrals to gynecological specialists of similar presentation especially females at reproductive age. Investing in time and equipment for proper clinical assessment can avoid the unnecessary burden and save our resources for better use.