Solubility of digitoxin in supercritical CO2: Experimental study and modeling.

In this communication, the solubility of digitoxin drug in supercritical CO2 was studied at different operating conditions (311 < T (K) < 343, 120 < P (bar) < 300). The results revealed digitoxin drug solubility (in mole fraction) was between 0.095 × 10-5 to 1.12 × 10-5. In the case of thermodynamic solubility modeling, cubic and non-cubic equation of states i.e. SAFT (statistical associating fluid theory), SRK (Soave-Redlich-Kwong) and sPC-SAFT (simplified perturbed chain SAFT) EoSs and six density-based correlations (Chrastil, Kumar-Johnston (KJ), Mendez-Santiago-Teja (MST), Garlapati and Madras (GM), Bartle et al. and Sung-Shim models) were considered. All used equations indicated reasonable behavior with appropriate accuracy for the solubility of the digitoxin drug. Meanwhile, sPC-SAFT EoS and Kumar-Johnston correlation with AARD% set to 8.96 % and 6.25 %, respectively exhibited greater accuracy in fitting the solubility data. Moreover, total, solvation and vaporization enthalpies of the digitoxin/supercritical carbon dioxide binary mixture were calculated based on KJ, Chrastil and Bartle et al. models.

The potential use of bacteria and bacterial derivatives as drug delivery systems for viral infection.

Viral infections in humans are responsible for fatalities worldwide and contribute to the incidence of various human ailments. Controllable targeted medicine delivery against many illnesses, including viral infection, may be significantly aided by using bacteria and bacteria-derived products. They may accumulate in diseased tissues despite physical obstacles, where they can launch antiviral immunity. The ability to genetically and chemically modify them means that vaccinations against viral infections may be manufactured and delivered to affected tissues more safely and effectively. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the latest advancements in the field of utilizing bacteria and bacterial derivatives as carriers for administering medication to treat viral diseases such as SARS-CoV-2, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, influenza, and Ebola virus.