Comparative Effectiveness of Sacroiliac Belt versus Lumbar Orthosis Utilization on Nonspecific Low Back Pain: a Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Back braces are commonly utilized in the management of low back pain (LBP). Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate (1) user satisfaction with a sacroiliac belt versus a lumbar orthosis and (2) the effect of a sacroiliac belt versus a lumbar orthosis on pain, functional disability status, and analgesic use for subjects with subacute or chronic non-specific LBP. Methods: This is a prospective randomized crossover study. For the two-week study period, control group subjects wore the Horizon 627 Lumbar Brace ("lumbar orthosis") during the first week and the Serola Sacroiliac Belt ("sacroiliac belt") during the second week; experimental group subjects wore the sacroiliac belt during the first week and the lumbar orthosis during the second week. User satisfaction (Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology 2.0 [QUEST 2.0] score), functional disability status (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]), pain, and analgesic use were recorded. Results: Overall, the sacroiliac belt demonstrated significantly higher user satisfaction than the Horizon brace (QUEST Score = 20.31 vs. 16.17, p = 0.0375) for the entire study period. Significant negative correlations were identified between user satisfaction and functional disability (t = -4.71, p < 0.0001), pain magnitude (t = -6.81, p < 0.0001) as well as pain frequency (t = -6.66, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In this prospective randomized crossover study, subject satisfaction was associated with improvements in functional disability, pain magnitude and pain frequency. The sacroiliac belt demonstrated significantly higher user satisfaction and similar effectiveness compared to the lumbar orthosis.

The Impact of Interhospital Competition on Treatment Strategy and Outcomes for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms.

BACKGROUND: Interhospital competition has been shown to affect surgical outcomes and expenditures. However, interhospital competition's impact on neurosurgery is poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE: To assess how interhospital competition is associated with treatment strategy and outcomes for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). METHODS: We identified all elective UIA admissions in the National Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2011. Competitive intensity of each hospital market was quantified using the validated Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), with lower values denoting higher competition. We then obtained nationwide HHI values for 2012 to 2016 from the Health Care Cost Project. Outcomes included treatment modality (clipping, coiling, or nonoperative management), inpatient mortality, disposition, complications, length of stay (LOS), and costs. Multivariate regression assessed the association between HHI and outcomes, controlling for patient demographics, severity metrics, hospital characteristics, and treatment. RESULTS: We studied 157 979 elective UIA admissions at 1435 hospitals from 2002 to 2011, with an increase in coiling admissions (13.4% to 33.7%) and decrease in clipping admissions (30.9% to 17.6%). Mean hospital HHI was 0.11 (range = 0.001-0.97). Competition decreased for 61.8% of hospitals from 2002 to 2011 and 68.1% of metropolitan localities from 2012 to 2016. Admissions in more competitive hospital markets exhibited increased odds of undergoing surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, P < .001), with preference toward coiling over clipping (OR = 1.27, P < .001). HHI was not associated with mortality, disposition, or LOS. However, increased interhospital competition was associated with more complications (OR = 1.09, P = .001) and greater hospital costs (ß-coefficient = 1.06, P < .001). CONCLUSION: For UIA patients, admission to hospitals in more competitive geographies was associated with increased rates of surgical intervention, coiling utilization, complications, and hospitalization costs.

In-depth Analysis of Adult Reconstruction Fellowship Websites.

This investigation assessed the availability and comprehensiveness of adult reconstruction fellowship websites. A list of adult reconstruction fellowship programs was compiled using 4 online directories: American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, San Francisco Match, Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access, and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. These directories and Google (Alphabet Inc, Menlo Park, California) searches were used to assess for the presence and functionality of websites for each program. Each website was reviewed for the presence of 21 variables related to education and recruitment. The relationship between several program characteristics and presence of a website or website comprehensiveness was evaluated. In total, 81 programs were identified, of which 80.2% (65 of 81) had a functional website and 19.8% (16 of 81) did not. The mean±SD number of variables present on a website was 11.3±3.8 of 21 total variables, equating to mean comprehensiveness of 54.0%. Fellowships affiliated with an orthopedic residency were more likely to have a website than those that were not (91.8% vs 62.5%, P=.001). Fellowships that were accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education were more likely to have a website than those that were not (100.0% vs 73.8%, P=.009). Website comprehensiveness was not associated with any program characteristics assessed. This study highlights deficits in online resources available for adult reconstruction fellowship program information and the gap that exists between the current means of information sharing. Efforts to encourage an online presence and optimize a program's online content may be of benefit to prospective applicants and the program itself. [Orthopedics. 2020;43(5):e447-e453.].

Malpractice claims associated with foot surgery.

Surgery of the foot constitutes a substantial portion of orthopedic procedures, performed by both orthopedic surgeons and doctors of podiatric medicine. Little research exists on the medicolegal implications of foot surgery amongst these specialties. This study seeks to investigate the different medical and legal factors associated with foot surgery-based malpractice litigation. Malpractice data between 2004 and 2017 was collected using the VerdictSearch legal database. Cases involving foot surgery were identified, and case information including physician specialty, procedure, medical outcome, verdict, and payment amount were obtained. A total of 72 cases were analyzed. A majority of lawsuits involved podiatrists (76.4%), with orthopedic surgeons accounting for 15.3%. Lawsuits against podiatrists primarily occurred over elective procedures (94.5%) and most frequently involved plaintiff complaints of persistent pain (41.8%) or deformation (27.3%). Podiatrist cases most often involved allegations of failure to treat (45.5%) or inappropriate surgical procedure (27.3%). Orthopedic surgeons saw higher rates of urgent cases (45.5%), with surgical complications (27.3%) occurring at higher rates than podiatrists. Despite different trends in case types, similar rates of plaintiff victories, and mean payments were seen between podiatrists (25.5%, $911,884 ± 1,145,345) and orthopedic surgeons (27.3%, $975,555 ± 448,795). This investigation is the first to analyze malpractice trends amongst podiatrists and orthopedic surgeons. Differing factors related to medical and legal outcomes can suggest quality improvement targets for both specialties. This data may assist in reducing malpractice risk and refining patient care, particularly with regards to outlining risks, benefits, and alternatives during pre-operative counselling.

Evaluation of Integrated Interventional Radiology Residency Websites.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: In the transition to the integrated interventional radiology residency model, residency websites are important resources of program information for prospective applicants. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the availability and comprehensiveness of integrated interventional radiology residency websites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A complete list of programs participating in the 2018 integrated interventional radiology match was collected using the online Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database and Electronic Residency Application Service. Residency program websites were evaluated for the presence of 19 variables related to resident education and recruitment, and the percent comprehensiveness of each website was calculated based on the number of variables present. The effect of program size and geographic region on website availability and comprehensiveness was assessed. RESULTS: Of the 69 programs participating in the 2018 match, 18 (26%) programs did not have any locatable website. Of the 51 programs with websites, 30 (59%) had stand-alone interventional radiology websites distinct from the associated diagnostic radiology website. Large programs were more likely to have a residency website than small programs (91% versus 54%, p=0.001). Across all categories, the mean website comprehensiveness was 33%. Mean website comprehensiveness of programs in the Midwest (43%) and Northeast (37%) was significantly greater than mean website comprehensiveness of programs in the West (19%) (p=0.005). CONCLUSION: Overall, 1 in 4 integrated interventional radiology residency programs did not have locatable websites. Many integrated interventional radiology residency websites lack important content variables. Efforts should be made to improve the residency websites and digital training resources for prospective interventional radiology applicants and to help showcase programs in the best light.

Critical Analysis of Hematology and Oncology Fellowship Web Sites in the United States.

PURPOSE: Prospective hematology-oncology fellowship applicants use program Web sites as a critical source of information. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current content and comprehensiveness of hematology-oncology fellowship Web sites and to identify specific areas for improvement. METHODS: This study assessed the presence of 27 commonly evaluated program and application and curriculum and training informational items for Web sites of all accredited hematology-oncology fellowship programs in 2018. The comprehensiveness score was calculated as the number of items present on a fellowship Web site out of 27 and was compared by program region and size using analysis of variance and two-tailed t tests. RESULTS: Of the 143 fellowship Web sites evaluated, the mean comprehensiveness score was 39.3% (10.6 ± 3.8 out of 27). Programs contained a mean of 42.1% (5.9 ± 2.3 out of 14) of program and application and 36.2% (4.7 ± 2.1 out of 13) of curriculum and training items. The program and application items most common among Web sites were program coordinator contact and faculty listing (83.2% and 74.1% of Web sites, respectively), whereas social events and salary and benefits were less common (31.5% and 20.3% of Web sites, respectively). Prevalent curriculum and training items were research publications and activity and rotation scheduling (86.0% and 81.1% of Web sites, respectively), whereas board examination pass rates and fellow call duties were uncommon (4.2% and 15.4% of Web sites, respectively). Large programs were associated with greater overall Web site items compared with small programs (43.0% [11.6 ± 4.1 out of 27] v 35.9% [9.7 ± 3.3 out of 27]; P = .003). CONCLUSION: Hematology-oncology fellowship Web sites vary considerably in the level and nature of content they contain. Because applicants rely on online information for decision making, more comprehensive online content may promote a better fit between program and applicant. There is room for improvement in hematology-oncology fellowship Web sites, and programs may consider directing resources toward enhancing these Web sites.

Malpractice Litigation Following Traumatic Fracture.

BACKGROUND: Poor clinical outcomes and adverse events following orthopaedic trauma are common, which may lead to litigation. To our knowledge, factors associated with litigation following fracture care have not previously been evaluated. METHODS: A retrospective review of fracture-related malpractice lawsuits from 1988 to 2015 was completed utilizing VerdictSearch (ALM Media Properties), a medicolegal database. Defendant and plaintiff characteristics along with fracture type, allegations, litigation outcomes, and the association of case characteristics with outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 561 cases were evaluated; 360 cases were excluded, resulting in a total of 201 cases that were analyzed in detail. The mean age of the plaintiff was 43.1 years (standard deviation [SD],19.4 years). Twenty-four fracture types were represented among the analyzed cases. The most common fractures were of the radius (44), the femur (32), the tibia (30), the ulna (29), the humerus (26), the spine (24), the hip (17), and the fibula (15). Overall, 129 (64.2%) cases resulted in a defense verdict, 41 (20.4%) cases resulted in a plaintiff verdict, and 31 (15.4%) cases resulted in a settlement. For plaintiff verdicts, the mean indemnity payment was $3,778,657 (median, $753,057; range, $89,943 to $27,926,311). For settlements, the mean indemnity payment was $1,097,439 (median, $547,935; range, $103,541 to $9,445,113). The mean indemnity for plaintiff verdicts was significantly greater than the mean indemnity for settlements (p = 0.03). The presence of a neurological deficit was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of a favorable outcome for the plaintiff (52.8% for plaintiffs with neurological deficit versus 32.1% for plaintiffs without neurological deficit; p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: This study examined malpractice litigation following traumatic orthopaedic injuries. In cases with decisions for the plaintiff, indemnity payments were on average more than $2.5 million larger than payments for settlements. In fracture cases with neurological deficit, malpractice cases were more likely to result in a favorable outcome for the plaintiff.

Cholecystectomy-related malpractice litigation: predictive factors of case outcome.

Complications following cholecystectomy may lead to malpractice litigation. Little research exists regarding cholecystectomy-related malpractice, the complications that lead to litigation, and the outcomes of such cases. This study is a retrospective analysis utilizing the legal database Verdictsearch (ALM Media Properties, LLC, New York, NY). Medical malpractice cases between July 2004 and November 2017 were identified using the search term "gallbladder." Case information was recorded, including patient information, medical details, trial outcome, and resulting payments. Of 46 cases examined, 39 went to trial with a favorable plaintiff (patient) verdict in 43% (20/46) and a favorable physician verdict in 41% (19/46) of the cases. Only 7% (3/46) of the cases resulted in a settlement, with 4% (2/26) concluding in mixed verdicts or arbitration. The mean plaintiff victory payment was $723,844 ± $1,119,457, while the mean settlement payment was $1,350,000 ± $563,471. Intraoperative care was the most frequently litigated phase of care (67%, 31/46 cases). Problematic visualization of the surgical field was the most frequent intraoperative allegation (67.7%, 21/46 cases). Cases of problematic visualization often resulted in favorable plaintiff trial victory (66.7% vs. 19% in defendant victory). Only 9.5% of the problematic visualization cases settled. Bile duct injuries accounted for 43.5% of the injuries (plaintiff victory rate 60.0%; mean payment $736,434 ± $1,365,424). In cholecystectomy litigation, allegations of problematic intraoperative visualization are both the most common allegation and the most likely to end in physician loss. Bile duct injuries remain the most frequent patient injury leading to cholecystectomy litigation.

The effect of psychosocial measures of resilience and self-efficacy in patients with neck and lower back pain.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Psychosocial risk factors may predispose to progression of back and neck pain to chronic pain or disability. Resilience (the ability to recover from stress) and pain self-efficacy (confidence that one can perform daily activities despite pain) are important psychometric properties shown to affect health and illness. PURPOSE: To examine the relationships among resilience, pain self-efficacy, and disability in spine patients. DESIGN/SETTING: Prospective, single-center orthopedic spine clinic. PATIENT SAMPLE: One hundred and ninety five patients in a tertiary spine practice recruited between December 2016 and March 2017. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported measures: Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire 2 (PSEQ-2) Short Form, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted of new patients visiting an orthopedic spine clinic complaining of neck pain or low back pain, with or without radiculopathy. Enrolled patients completed a survey of demographic information, the six-question BRS, the two-question PSEQ-2 Short Form, and NDI or ODI for neck or back pain, respectively. The relationship between BRS and NDI or ODI was examined, and the relationship between PSEQ-2 and NDI or ODI was also examined. RESULTS: A total of 195 patients were evaluated. After excluding those with incomplete NDI or ODI, 180 patients were included in the analysis (46.1% men [83/180]; mean age 53 [standard deviation: 17] years). 139 (77.2%) subjects complained of low back pain and 41 (22.8%) subjects complained of neck pain. BRS was strongly negatively correlated with NDI (r=-0.61, p<.0001) and moderately negatively correlated with ODI (r=-0.34, p<.0001). PSEQ-2 was strongly negatively correlated with NDI (r=-0.69, p<.0001) and strongly negatively correlated with ODI (r=-0.62, p<.0001). BRS was moderately positively correlated with PSEQ-2 (r=0.36, p<.0001). For the low back pain cohort, the correlation between PSEQ-2 and ODI was significantly greater than the correlation between BRS and ODI (p=.0003); this difference was not noted in the neck pain cohort (p=.34). CONCLUSIONS: Low resilience and low pain self-efficacy are both independently associated with greater functional disability in neck and low back pain patients. Spine surgeons may find it useful to incorporate the BRS and PSEQ-2 into preoperative assessment. Future studies should examine the utility of these simple validated questionnaires in predicting response to treatments, including surgical intervention.