Effect evaluation of reference-induced blended teaching method in medical statistics / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the effects and satisfaction of reference-induced blended teaching method in medical statistics teaching for undergraduate students in clinical medicine. MethodA total of 83 clinical medical undergraduate students from the class of 2018 at the Tongji University School of Medicine were enrolled into the study. The effect evaluation of blended teaching based on reference-induced self education （RISE） in the course of medical statistics was conducted. A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess student satisfaction. ResultsCompared with the traditional teaching method group， students’ distinguished achievement rate and pass rate in total score from RISE blended teaching group were 53.7% and 96.3%， respectively， and 83.3% students were satisfied with the overall effect. The RISE blended teaching method had higher satisfaction in stimulating learning interest （90.7% satisfaction rate， P=0.034） and cultivating scientific research ability （96.3% satisfaction rate， P=0.048）. ConclusionThe RISE blended teaching method， which integrates literature guidance with online and offline approaches， organically combines statistical knowledge with clinical research problems. It yields positive results in medical statistics education， stimulating learning interest， and fostering innovative scientific research abilities.

Transmission Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the World: The Roles of Intervention and Seasonality

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly all over the world. The transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic is still unclear, but developing strategies for mitigating the severity of the pandemic is yet a top priority for global public health. In this study, we developed a novel compartmental model, SEIR-CV(susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed with control variables), which not only considers the key characteristics of asymptomatic infection and the effects of seasonal variations, but also incorporates different control measures for multiple transmission routes, so as to accurately predict and effectively control the spread of COVID-19. Based on SEIR-CV, we predicted the COVID-19 epidemic situation in China out of Hubei province and proposed corresponding control strategies. The results showed that the prediction results are highly consistent with the outbreak surveillance data, which proved that the proposed control strategies have achieved sound consequent in the actual epidemic control. Subsequently, we have conducted a rolling prediction for the United States, Brazil, India, five European countries (the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Germany, and France), southern hemisphere, northern hemisphere, and the world out of China. The results indicate that control measures and seasonal variations have a great impact on the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our prediction results show that the COVID-19 pandemic is developing more rapidly due to the impact of the cold season in the southern hemisphere countries such as Brazil. While the development of the pandemic should have gradually weakened in the northern hemisphere countries with the arrival of the warm season, instead of still developing rapidly due to the relative loose control measures such as the United States and India. Furthermore, the prediction results illustrate that if keeping the current control measures in the main COVID-19 epidemic countries, the pandemic will not be contained and the situation may eventually turn to group immunization, which would lead to the extremely severe disaster of about 5 billion infections and 300 million deaths globally. However, if Chinas super stringent control measures were implemented from 15 July, 15 August or 15 September 2020, the total infections would be contained about 15 million, 32 million or 370 million respectively, which indicates that the stringent and timely control measures is critical, and the best window period is before September for eventually overcoming COVID-19. SignificanceCOVID-19 is now posing a huge threat to global public health. The key features such as asymptomatic infection and droplet or airborne transmission make COVID-19 more easily spread and more widely distributed around the world. It is an urgent need to explore the optimal intervention strategies and measures to contain the pandemic. Our novel SEIR-CV compartmental model considers the new features of COVID-19, exhibits the impact of the intervention strategies and seasonal variations, and thus can accurately predicts its trajectory in China and the rest of the world. Our research results suggest that control measures and seasonal variations have a great impact on the development of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can only be contained by stringent strategies during the best window period before September 2020 for eventually overcoming COVID-19, otherwise it would cause a severer global catastrophe.

Foxp3 overexpression in lung cancer cells suppresses immune activities of activa-ted CD4+T cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To determine the effects of Foxp3-overexpressing lung cancer cells on activated CD4+T lymphocyte.Methods: Stable Foxp3-overexpressing lung cancer cells NCIH-1299,NCIH-hFoxp3,was generated by transfection of NCIH-1299 cells with plasmid pcDNA3-hFoxp3 mediated by Lipofectamine 2000 and by selection with G418,and validated by quantitative PCR and Western blot.The expression levels of IL-8 and IL-10 secreted by NCIH-hFoxp3 and NCIH-control were measured by ELISA.IL-2 secrection by activated human CD4+T lymphocyte which was tested after stimulation with 20% conditioned medium of NCIH-hFoxp3 and NCIH-control cells.The proliferation of activated human CD4+ T lymphocytes was assessed by MTT after coculture with NCIH-hFoxp3 cells.The adhesive ability of activated human CD4+ T lymphocytes was probed with NCIH-hFoxp3 cells by immunocytochemistry.Results: Compared with NCIH-control cells,NCIH-hFoxp3 secreted high level of IL-10 and low level of IL-8.NCIH-hFoxp3 with Foxp3 overexpression significantly suppressed the proliferation,adhesive potential and IL-2 expression by activated CD4+ T cells.Conclusion: Suppression of immune activities of activated CD4+ T cells by Foxp3 overexpression in lung cancer cells may correlate with cytokine IL-8 and IL-10,which can contribute lung cancer progression.

Changes of number of regulatory T cells and NK cells in tumor tissue and main immune organs of murine models of lung cancer and their significances / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the changes of number of CD4+ CD25 + foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Treg)and natural killer cells (NK)in the peripheral immune organs and tumor tissue of the murine models of lung cancer,and to clarify their effects on the development of lung cancer.Methods:The C57BL/6 mice were divided into Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC)injection group and normal control group.The mice in LLC injection group were injected with LLC subcutaneously in the armpit to establish the tumor models,while the mice in normal control group were injected with the same amount of saline.The number of CD4+ CD25 + T cells,CD4+ CD25 + foxp3 + Tregs in the spleen,lymph nodes and lung cancer tissues,and the number of NK cells in the spleen tissue were labeled by cell surface or intracellular antibody staining,and detected by flow cytometry.Results:The ratios of CD4+ CD25 + T cells to CD4+ T cells,foxp3+ cells to CD4+ CD25 + T cells,and the number of CD4+ CD25 + foxp3 + Treg in the spleen and lymph nodes of the mice in LLC injection group were increased significantly compared with normal control group (P <0.05 or P <0.01).Moreover,the ratios of CD4+ CD25 + T cells to CD4+ T cells and foxp3 + cells to CD4+ CD25 + T cells in the tumor tissue were significantly higher than those in the spleen and lymph nodes of the mice in LLC injection group.However,the ratio of NK cells in the spleen tissue of the mice in lung cancer group was significantly decreased compared with normal control group (P <0.05).Conclusion:The increase of ratio and the number of Treg cells and the decrease of ratio of NK cells in the main immune organs of lung cancer mice may promote the development of tumor and inhibit the immune response to cancer cells in vivo .

High frequency ultrasonic imaging of the dorsal Lisfrancligament in the adults / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:As a novel noninvasive method, high frequency ultrasound has been used for the detection of skeletal muscle widely. OBJECTIVE:To detect the thickness of the dorsalLisfrancligament between the first (medial) cuneiform (C1) and second metatarsal (M2) using high frequency ultrasound to evaluate the feasibility and clinical application value of high frequency ultrasound for the detection of theLisfrancjoint. METHODS:Both feet of 100 healthy volunteers were included and the thickness of dorsalLisfranc ligament and the distance between C1 and M2wereexamined using high frequency ultrasound. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The display rate of high frequency ultrasound for the dorsalLisfranc ligament in the 100 healthy volunteers was 100%. There was no significant difference in the thickness of the dorsalLisfrancligament between both feet or sexes in adults(P> 0.05); as did the distance between C1 and M2 (P> 0.05). These findings suggest that visual dorsalLisfrancligament is detected by high frequency ultrasound. The measurement of the distance between C1 and M2by high frequency ultrasound may be a feasible, noninvasive, low-cost, and early diagnostic method forLisfrancinjuries.

Changes of MDSC, Treg and traditional T cells in lung tumor mice / 天津医药

Objective To explore changes of the myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC), regulatory T cell (Treg), traditional T cell, and their mechanisms in lung tumor mice. Methods Twenty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the experimental and the normal control groups. The experimental group was injected with Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC, 100μL 1 × 106) subcutaneously to prepare the lung tumor model mice, the normal control group was given the same amount of saline (NC). Spleen cells were obtained from LLC and NC groups. Flow cytometry was used to detect the ratio and number changes of MDSC, Treg, CD4+and CD8+T cells in the lung tumor of mice. CD4+and CD8+T cell apoptosis were detected by Annexin-Ⅴstaining, and their proliferation were detected by 5-bromine deoxidization uracil nucleoside (BrdU) incorporation. Results Compared with normal control mice, the ratio and number of MDSC in spleen increased significantly in LLC group (P<0.01), in addition, the ratio of CD4+Foxp3+Treg in CD4+T cells and their number in spleen increased significantly in LLC group. However, the ratio and number of CD4+and CD8+T cells in spleen decreased significantly in LLC group (P<0.05). The proliferation of CD4+and CD8+T cells decreased significantly in LLC group compared with that of NC group (P<0.05), while the apoptosis of CD8+T cells increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion MDSC and Treg cells increase in lung tumor model mice, which inhibit proliferation of CD4+and CD8+T cells and promote apoptosis of CD8+T cells.

Cellular senescence is regulated by p21Waf1/Cip1 methylation / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the effect of p21Waf1/Cip1 methylation changes on the process of cellular senescence .Methods Bisulfite sequencing was used to analyze the methylation changes of p21Waf1/Cip1 in the process of cellular senescence;p21Waf1/Cip1 ex‐pression was detected by RT‐PCR and Western‐blot ;Middle‐aged 2BS cells was treated by 5‐aza‐CdR and cellular senescence was detected by MTT and SA‐β‐Gal staining .Results Bisulfite sequencing analysis of p21Waf1/Cip1 promoter showed that CpGs were methylated by 1 .25% in the young 2BS cells ,by 27 .27% in the middle‐aged 2BS cells ,while only by 0 .64% in the senescent cells . The expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 was low in the young(28 PD) 2BS cells ,it increased first(35 PD) but decreased later in the middle‐aged(42 PD) cells .In the senescent 2BS cells ,p21Waf1/Cip1 expression was further increased .5‐aza‐CdR treatment resulted in de‐creased growth rate but increasedβ‐Gal staining of middle‐aged 2BS cells .Conclusion The process of cellular senescence is regula‐ted by the status of p21Waf1/Cip1 methylation ,and p21Waf1/Cip1 demethylation accelerates cellular senescence .

Ultrasonography for cartilage synovial disease of the knee in the elderly / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Ultrasonography as a noninvasive means has been widely recognized in the examination of the skeletal muscle system. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of ultrasonography for the elderly with degenerative knee cartilage. METHODS:Totaly 102 patients (204 knees) who were≥ 60 years old and successively admitted for knee disease were selected and according to clinical diagnostic criteria of degenerative knee disease, divided into two groups: osteoarthritis group (167 knees) and non-osteoarthritis group (37 knees). Al the knees were subjected to ultrasonography for observing the effusion depth of the suprapatelar bursa, medial bursa and lateral bursa, as wel as the synovium, pannus and cartilage. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of the 204 knee joints, degenerative changes of the knee occurred in 167 knees, primary knee arthritis in 91 knees, secondary knee arthritis in 76 knees, and the degeneration rate was 82%. The volume of effusion in the suprapatelar bursa, medial bursa and lateral bursa was significantly higher in the osteoarthritis group than the non-osteoarthritis group. In the osteoarthritis group, synovial hyperplasia was in 59 knees, pannus formation in 23 knees, rough cartilage surface in 167 knees, and the knee cartilage thinning or loss in 117 knees. In the non-osteoarthritis group, synovial hyperplasia was in 5 knees, rough cartilage surface in 27 knees, and the knee cartilage thinning or loss in 4 knees. These findings indicate that ultrasonography is of certain clinical significance in evaluation of degenerative knee cartilage in the elderly.

MicroRNA-150 regulates differentiation of NK and NKT cells through decre-asing CD122 expression / 中国免疫学杂志

To explore the effects of microRNA-150 deletion on the development and homeostasis of regulatory T cells (Treg),γδT cells,NK and NKT cells.Methods:microRNA-150 knockout mice were used and microRNA-150 expression was detected by Real-time PCR.The numbers of Treg ,γδT,NK and NKT cells in the thymus and spleen of normal control and microRNA-150 knockout mice were detected by Flow cytometry.Cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V staining , and cell proliferation was detected by 5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine ( Brdu ) incorporation.Results: microRNA-150 deletion did not affect the development and homeostasis of regulatory T cells (Treg) andγδT cells.However,microRNA-150 deletion resulted in a significant reduction of the NK and thymic NKT cell number.In addition, microRNA-150 deleted NK and NKT cells showed an arrested developmental and maturational phenotype with a reduced expression of NK 1.1 and CD122.Moreover , cell apoptosis was significantly increased in microRNA-150 deleted NK and thymic NKT cells ,while a lower cell proliferation rate was shown in the microRNA-150 deleted NK but not NKT cells.Conclusion: CD122 may play an important role in the development and homeostasis of mouse NK and NKT cells regulated by microRNA-150.

The expression of TIPE2 and its role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of TIPE2 in splenic lymphocytes derived from the mouse model of cattle collagen Ⅱ-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA) and from peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for its role in the pathogenesis of RA.Methods The CIA mouse model was established by immunization of DBA-1/J mice with cattle collagen Ⅱ.Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from RA patients and healthy donors.The TIPE2 mRNA and protein expression in splenocytes of CIA and control mice were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.In addition,fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the TIPE2 mRNA and protein expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes derived from patients with RA and healthy donors.Results Both mRNA and protein expression of TIPE2 were higher in splenocytes of CIA mice and lymphocytes of peripheral blood from RA patients compared with corresponding controls.Furthermore,the mRNA and protein expression of TIPE2 increased significantly in patients with active RA.TIPE2 expression were positively correlated with DAS28 scores (P＜0.001).Conclusion Our results suggest that TIPE2 plays a role in the RA pathogenesis.The level of TIPE2 may also indicate the severity of rheumatoid arthritis.

Phase analysis of R-W1 in wave intensity technique / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the generalization and application of R-W1 through the phase analysis of Wave intensity technique.Methods The phases of R-W1 of 66 healthy adults were detected by Aloka Prosound α10 color Doppler uhrasound.Results There were all statistical significances in the time difference of R-W1 in left and right common carotid arteries and right brachial artery(P＜0.01),in the pressure wave conductive time in left and right common carotid arteries(P＜0.05),in right brachial artery and both sides of common carotid arteries(P＜0.01).There were no statistical significances in the time from the starting point to the culminate point of W1 in left and right common carotid arteries.There were statistical significances in the time from the starting point to the culminate point of W1 in right brachial artery and both sides of common carotid arteries(P＜0.05).Conclusions"R-W1 almost equals to pre-ejection period"as reported by literatures actually involves three phases which respectively are isovolumetric contraction time of left ventricle,pressure wave conductive time and time from the starting point to the culminate point of W1.The factor of pressure wave conductive time should be considered when evaluating diseases in clinic.The pre-ejection time should be the time from the culminate point of R wave in ECG to the starting point of W1 and the time from the starting point to the culminate point of W1 should not be involved in.

Correlative analysis of instantaneous accelerating wave intensity (W1) and Tel index / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To evalute the clinical application of the new technique of instantaneous wave intensity(WI) through the correlative analysis of instantaneous acceleration wave intensity(W1) and Tei index. Methods The correlation of the intensity of W1 (the apogee of W1) and Tei index of 66 healthy adults were analyzed by Prosound a10 color Doppler ultrasonograph. Results There were positive correlations in pressure and caliber between the common carotid arteries of both sides in 66 cases of healthy adults (P <0.01). There were negative correlations respectively between the pressure of W1 of left and right common carotid arteries and Tei index (P <0.05),and there were the same in caliber (P <0.01), mean pressure (P <0.05) and mean caliber (P <0.01). Conclusions W1 is negatively correlated with Tei index and can be an index in judging the systolic function.

Analysis of W1～W2 in wave intensity in carotid artery and left ventricular ejection time / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To make certain about the phase of time from the culminated point of instantaneous accelerating wave intensity (W1) to that of instantaneous decelerating wave intensity (W2) wave intensity(WI) technique. Methods The ejection time of the curve of Doppler rate of flow in aortic opens and W1～W2 of common carotid arteries of both sides were detected in 66 healthy adults by Prosound α10 color Doppler ultrasound and the data were contrasted and analyzed. Results There were no statistical significances in the standardized value difference of ejection time of aorta and of time from starting point of W1 to culminated point of W2 in common carotid arteries of both sides (P>0.05). And there were all statistical significances in the standardized value difference of ejection time of aorta and of time in other groups (P<0. 001). Conclusions The ejection time is the time from starting point of W1 to culminated point of W2. The beginning of cardiac ejection should be the starting point of W1 curve,and the culminated point of W2 is the terminal time of ejection.

Preparation and Compatible with Infusion Stability of Ethylenediamine Diaceturate for Injection / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the stability of ethylenediamine diaceturate(EDD)for injection and compatible stability of 3 kinds of clinically common infusions.METHODS:The experiement of influencing factors(including light,high temperature,10 days)was carried out meanwhile the accelerated test(6 months)was performed for the preparation under the condition of being packaged;the stability of EDD in 5% glucose injection,10% glucose injection or in 0.9% sodium chloride injection within 8.0 h were observed.The major outcome measures were appearance,visible foreign substances,pH value,contents of principal agent(area of the chief peak),the relative substances and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural,etc.RESULTS:No marked change was noted for all the outcome measures except a slight increase of the content of the related substances in the light exposure test.CONCLUSION:EDD for injection stored away from light at room temperature shows good stability,and it is stable within 8.0 h after mixing with 3 kinds of common infusions.

Activation of Th cell subsets and detection of herpesvirus DNA in rheumatoid arthritis patients / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To investigate the role of herpesvirus infection and the activation of Th cell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine herpes viral (HSV 1,HSV 2,EBV,CMV) DNA in whole blood (WB) and serum samples.ELISA used for measuring serum levels of IFN ? and IL 4.Results ① Thirty two WB samples and 32 serum samples from RApatients were tested for the viral DNA types.Of them 2 WB samples were positive for HSV 1 DNA and 1 serum sample did.In normal control samples one serum sample was positive for CMV DNA.There was no significant difference in rate of detection between control group and test group.② Comparing serum levels of IFN ? and the ratio of IFN ?/IL 4,it was found that RA patients had significantly higher values than the normal controls.Increased values directly correlated with severity of disease.[in RA patients IFN ? (21?33) pg/ml.TFN ?/IL 4 (25?20),in normal controls IFN ? (10 1?2 6) pg/ml, IFN ?/IL 4 (17?8)].Conclusion ① The rate of detection of herpes viral (EBV,CMV,HSV 1,HSV 2) DNA does not correlate with RA significantly.② Increased serum levels of Th1 derived inflammatory cytokine (IFN ?) and the impaired production of anti inflammatory Th2 derived cytokines (IL 4) indicate impaired activation of Th1 and Th2 in RA patients and may account for the chronic arthritis.