[Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among personnel working in a teaching hospital]. / Portación nasal de Staphylococcus aureus en personal que trabaja en un centro asistencial-docente.

We have studied prospectively the nasal carriage status of Staphylococcus aureus among all health-care workers in the Valdivia Hospital Base. A total of 522 nasal samples were evaluated. Nasal carriage rate was 34.9% for all personnel. Higher rates were seen in Pediatric wards and Central Kitchen Service. Isolated strains were resistant to penicillin (98.3%). However, sensitivity to other antimicrobial agents was high. According to the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, we identified 12 different groups of strains or antibiotypes. Three of the multiple resistant antibiotypes (resistant to 4 or 5 antimicrobial agents) were isolated from pediatric wards.

[Bacteriological study of bile from the gallbladder and bile ducts of patients surgically treated for biliary pathology]. / Estudio bacteriológico de la bilis de vesícula y vías biliares de pacientes intervenidos por patología biliar.

We have evaluated the results of a bacteriological study of bile in 115 patients undergoing biliary surgery in the Valdivia Hospital (Chile). 35.6% of the positive bile cultures corresponded to patients with acute cholecystitis and only 22.5% to chronic disease. The culture was positive in 56.3% of cases of common bile duct stones and in 86.7% of cholangitis. Most positive bile cultures were monomicrobial, corresponding to patients with chronic cholecystitis. Most isolates were from Enterobacteriaceae, 49% of which corresponding to Escherichia coli. The in vitro sensitivity study showed that, as a rule, the strains were sensitive to the used antimicrobials.

[Neisseria gonorrhoeae: 3 years of surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility and search of beta-lactamase-producing strains]. / Neisseria gonorrhoeae: tres años de vigilancia en la susceptibilidad antibiótica y pesquisa de cepas productoras de beta lactamasa.

247 strains of N gonorrhoeae were isolated from 453 patients with acute urethritis from 1985 to 1987. 19 strains produced beta-lactamase for a 7, 13 and 3% incidence in each of the 3 years. MIC between 1 and 8 micrograms/ml or between 65 and 256 micrograms/ml were found in 2 groups of beta lactamase producing strains. An increase in the sensitivity rate (81%) to penicillin of non beta-lactamase producing strains was observed in this period. The sensitivity to erythromycin and chloramphenicol remained constant while a slight increase in resistance to tetracycline was observed.