Parameters of Ionic and Acid-Base Balance during Assist Circulation with a LVAD Disc Pump.

In chronic experiments on calves, the effect of the left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) technique by using a disc pump on the indicators of ionic and acid-base homeostasis. At blood velocity of 20% from the total volume, a trend towards an increase in K+ concentration and a slight decrease in the concentration of Na+, pH, and standard base excess in animal plasma were observed. If the blood velocity increased up to 90%, the indicators of ionic and acid-base homeostasis returned to their baseline values. In parallel, stroke volume and cardiac output as well as BP at the outlet of the heart and inside it and HR increased simultaneously with a blood pressure decrease in the input cannula site. There were no differences in plasma concentrations of Ca2+ and Cl- at different blood flow volumes.

Audiovisual Stimulation Modulates Physical Performance and Biochemical and Hormonal Status of Athletes.

We studied the effect of audiovisual stimulation training course on physical development, functional state of the cardiovascular system, blood biochemical parameters, and hormonal status of athletes. The training course led to improvement of physical performance and adaptive capacities of the circulatory system, increase in plasma levels of total protein, albumin, and glucose and total antioxidant activity, and decrease in triglyceride, lipase, total bilirubin, calcium, and phosphorus. The concentration of hormones (cortisol, thyrotropin, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine) also decreased under these conditions. In the control group, an increase in the concentration of creatinine and uric acid and a tendency toward elevation of lowdensity lipoproteins and total antioxidant activity were observed in the absence of changes in cardiac function and physical performance; calcium and phosphorus concentrations reduced. The improvement in functional state in athletes was mainly associated with intensification of anabolic processes and suppression of catabolic reactions after audiovisual stimulation (in comparison with the control). Stimulation was followed by an increase in the number of correlations between biochemical and hormonal changes and physical performance of athletes, which attested to better integration of processes at the intersystem level.

[GENDER VARIABILITY OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL INDICES IN ADOLESCENTS OF MOUNTAIN ALTAI].

Gender differences in the functioning of the organism of teenagers in extreme climatic conditions of the environment are not been well understood. We estimated the variability of morphofunctional indices in adolescents aged of 11-16 years residing in lowlands and midlands of Mountain Altai in dependence on area of residence, age, and gender The variability of morphological and functional indices of male and female body in a critical period of ontogenesis was found to be dependent in varying degrees on the climatic conditions of the Mountainous Altai. Revealed significant differences in morphofunctional indices depending on the area in boys are more signifcant than in girls. In male adolescents, residing in middleland unlike peers of lowland there was noted functional exertion of the cardiovascular system, as well as delay in physical and sexual development. It testifies about the gender variability of adaptation of an organism depending on factors of environment and higher sensitivity of a male organism during the period of puberty to external negative influences.

[The Effect of Audiovisual Stimulation on Psychological and Physiological Functions in Athletes].

We studied the psychophysiological status (cognitive, psychoemotional and neurodynamic parameters), the power spectrum of EEG and heart rate variability of 18-23-year-old athletes, before and after a course of audiovisual stimulation (AVS) (experimental group) in comparison with sportsmen who did not receive AVS (control group). It was shown that a course of AVS (experimental group) has positive effect on psycho-emotional parameters (the levels of anxiety and neuroticism decreased; motivation to make progress and the level of hardiness increased), cognitive and neurodynamic parameters (the capacity of mechanical memory, the speed of attention switching and of a simple sensor-motor response increase; the range of fluctuation of reactions to a moving object is reduced). We also observed an increase in the power of α2 rhythm of EEG, the activity of parasympathetic nervous system and the influence of autonomic circuit of regulation in the experimental group; resting cardiac performance was more conservative as compared with the control group. We concluded that a course of AVS has positive effect on psychophysiological parameters and the mechanisms of autonomic heart regulation in athletes.

[Interpopulation differeces biochemical adaptation at population of Gorny Altai].

The factual nutrition of aborigines Russian, altay and kazah nationalities of Gorny Altai were studied. As a result, interpopulating differences of population's nutrition witch quantitative consumption macronutrients have been influence and dependence on the nationality has been determined. Biochemical parameters of blood with quantitative composition of ration's macronutrients are correlated.

[Age features of kidney response on food and physical loads in athletes--skiers].

The features of renal functions in older adolescents and young adults involved in ski racing, before and after water, food, and physical activity has been studied. Renal functions in the morning as baseline demonstrated an increase in GFR and greater maturity of osmoregulatory mechanisms (higher excretion of osmotically active substances, osmotic concentration index, the reabsorption of solute-free fluid) in adult compared with adolescents. After food intake in youths osmoregulatory mechanisms provided adequate renal response--increased excretion of ions in exchange for urea, that saved osmolality. In adolescence, there was an increase of excretion of osmotically active substances in parallel with the output of urine, higher GFR and reabsorption of solute-free liquid, that confirmed the lower maturity of osmoregulatory system. The renal homeostatic response after physical training indicated involvement of volume regulatory mechanisms that did not differ between age groups. It is concluded that the development of the definitive volume regulation became earlier than osmoregulation.

[To question about integrated prevention of diabetes taking into account the technogenic factors of environment (experimental results)].

Experimental conditions shown that formaldehyde decreased course of diabetes. Adding to meal the powder of plant's rhizome Curcuma longa contributes to the restoration of the morphological structure of the liver, kidney, the normalization of water-salt and carbohydrate metabolism, this can be used in programs for integrated prevention of diabetes in areas of technological risk.

[Antioxidant activity of blood plasma of mountain Altai's aborigines Russian and Kazakh nationality of low and medium height altitude areas].

Due to the points about dependence antioxidant activity of organism of human on a nationality, climatic conditions, quality of nutrition are scanty under study a estimate antioxidant activity of blood plasma of Altai's low and medium height altitude aborigines. As a result there has been discovered a dependence of antioxidant activity of blood plasma more upon age and at least geographical and climatic conditions, sex and quality of nutrition.

[Age-related changes in blood plasma antioxidant activity in population of the southern Altai].

The blood plasma antioxidant activity was studied in the Russian and Kazakh aborigines of the southern Altai low and high mountains. There was established a decrease of the blood plasma antioxidant activity with age and a relatively low plasma antioxidant activity in the mid-mountain population; in its senior age groups, the gender differences of this parameter were revealed.

[Quantitative relationship of renal blood flow with size and density of glomeruli in rat postnatal ontogenesis].

The aim of the study was to find the quantitative relationship of postnatal changes in the glomeruli anatomic structure with the blood flow in kidneys. Kidney development was studied in 4-, 12-, 30-, and 65-day-old Wistar rats. Diameters of glomerulus (Dgl, microm), afferent and efferent arterioles (Daf and Def), and the glomeruli density (Ngl, mm(-3)) were measured posthumously. Volumes of one ((see text of symbol))V gl, microm3) and all glomeruli (see text for symbol)(sigma(see text for symbol)Vgl, mm3/cm3) and the glomeruli arterioles lumen (Saf and Sef, microm2) were calculated. The renal specific blood flow (SBF per unit of kidney weight, KW) was measured by the laser-Doppler flowmeter (in perfusion units, p.u.) under sodium barbamyl narcosis. We have found that, during postnatal growth, glomeruli morphological parameters vary according to the equations: Dgl = 7.1 (see text for symbol) KW0.41, (see text for symbol)V gl = 187 (see text for symbol) KW1.23, Ngl = 5309 (see text for symbol) KW-0.63 (KW, mg and for one kidney), Saf = 1.1 (see text for symbol)V gl 0.35, and Sef = 6.3 (see text for symbol) V gl 0.14. The renal SBF in 4-, 12-, and 65-day-old rats increases according to SBF = 6.7 (see text for symbol) (sigma( see text for symbol)V gl)0.98. The renal SBF calculated per unit of glomeruli volume varies a little with age.

[Blood flow in skeletal muscles of chicken in the embryonic and early postembryonic periods].

In chicken Leghorn, blood flow volume speed in pectoralis and gastrocnemius muscles was measured on 15 and 19 day-old embryos and at the 1st and the 10th days alter hatching. It was revealed that in the last quarter of embryogenesis BF in muscles did not vary remaining in both muscles in identical limits. Similar BF parameters in pectoralis and gastrocnemius muscles and their age-dependent dynamics were observed at embryos with the detained development (with the body weight 2-fold less than the norm). After hatching, the blood flow in both muscles was grown, on the average, 2.4-fold and remained high by the 10th day, a little decreasing in the pectoralis muscle. It was shown, that increase of a muscular blood flow after hatching was accompanied by different changes of anatomic lumen of the arteries addressed in pectoralis and gastrocnemius muscles: in the former it decreased, in the latter--increased.

[The cardiovascular system during adaptation of students residing in a South-Siberian region].

The trend in adaptation processes was studied by the parameters of the cardiovascular system in Tuvian and Russian students during their study at a higher educational establishment. Not only the age- and sex-related features, but also ethnical features of students living under extreme climatic and geographic conditions were shown to affect education adaptation processes. Junior students of natural ethnicity had lower indices of cardiovascular system function than those of Russian ethnicity and a more adequate adaptive response to study.

[Bone matrix glycosaminoglycans and osteoporosis development in early aging OXYS rats].

Proteoglycans play a crucial role in bone tissue formation promoting consolidation of collagen fibers and bonds between them and mineral crystals. The composition of extracellular matrix proteoglycans was analyzed in early aging OXYS rats with signs of early osteoporosis versus Wistar rats at the age of 2, 4, 6, and 8 months. It was found that bone mineral density in two month OXYS rats was lower than in age-matched Wistar rats. It increased only till 6 month of age in OXYS rats, and during the whole observation period in Wistar rats. Formation of peak bone mass in Wistar rats was accompanied by change in composition of proteoglycan pools in bone tissue matrix: accumulation of macromolecular keratan sulfate-containing proteoglycans, and decrease of uronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan content. OXYS rats were noted for accumulation of micro- and macromolecular proteoglycans: uronic acids and sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Chondroitin sulfate AC and dermatan sulfate were accumulated in OXYS rat bone tissue with the increase in mineral density difference. Keratin sulfate was completely absent here, in contrast to Wistar rats.

[Morphofunctional parameters in the students of Tyva State University].

The paper provides a comparative analysis of some morphofunctional parameters and their trends during education of the students at the Tyva State University. The antropometric studies of the total body sizes and their relative parameters have revealed that the Tuva students show a lower absolute stature, force parameters of dynamometry and the respiratory system. The morphofunctional parameters have a wide range of variability that is determined by not only age-gender-related features, but also regional features.

[Dynamics organ blood flow in rats in postnatal ontogenesis].

In the 4-, 13-, 30-, and 65- 90-day-old Wistar rats the voluminous blood flow rate was measured in liver, kidney, small intestine wall, and in the predominantly white gracilis muscle of femur. A LAKK-01 laser-Doppler flowmeter and its cutaneous (for kidney) and needle (for other organs) probes were used; they provided estimation of blood flow (per organ mass unit) to the tissue depth of about 1 mm. It has been found that the blood flow rates (per organ mass unit fall in liver, intestine, and even more in muscle, whereas increase in kidney, particularly for the first month of life. Calculations show that in adult rats as compared with the 4-day-old pups (with their mass exceeding 22 times) the blood flow to muscle, liver, intestine, and kidney should rise 14, 17, 18 and 43 times, respectively.

[The glomerular apparatus and renal blood flow in rats during postnatal ontogenesis].

In anesthetized Wistar rats of the age of 4, 12, 30 and 65 days, the renal blood flow (RBF) with laser-Doppler flowmetry, diameter, number and density of glomeruli, diameter of afferent and efferent arterioles were measured. We found that during rat development the RBF increased 2.8-fold, the diameter of glomeruli--3.6-fold, diameter of afferent arterioles--1.8-fold, and the efferent arterioles--rose 1.3-fold. The number of glomeruli increased 1.3-fold, but their density decreased 16-fold.

Using intravascular autoradiography for an estimation of proliferative activity of rat mesenteric microvessel endothelial cells during the first month of postnatal development.

BACKGROUND/METHODS: We applied a novel method for studying endothelial cells (EC) by using autoradiography of cells labeled by 3H-thymidine: photo emulsion was administered into the vascular bed. In the flat transparent organ, this method allows to compare the mitotic activity of endothelium (MAE) depending on vessel diameter and animal age. RESULTS: The number of the labeled ECs in animals was found to be almost equal in all vessels at the same age. The amount of labeled vessels and the density of the labeled nuclei increase towards near-capillary vessels of a diameter < or =10 microm. With age, MAE decreases in all categories of vessels. However, in 12-day-old animals, MAE temporarily increases. It was noted that high MAE in the bed of these rats precedes or coincides with the period of accelerated weight gain of the digestive system supplied by an increase in organ blood flow. CONCLUSIONS: By using the endothelial autoradiography method that we developed, we obtained the following evidence: (1) the number of ECs in the synthetic phase of the mitotic cycle in mesenterial vessels is approximately identical in animals of the same age, and (2) this number decreases with age, except during the period of accelerated organ growth, when MAE increases.