Prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients undergoing extraction at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and its sequelae (liver chirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma) are endemic in Africa. The risk of transmission of the infection during dental treatment is real. This study was carried out to determine the rate of Hepatits B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) as a marker of hepatitis B virus infection in patients undergoing dental extraction in order to highlight the potential risk of nosocomial transmission among the Dental Health Workers (DHW) and their patients. Three hundred (143 males and 157 females) consecutive patients requiring dental extraction who volunteered were enrolled into this study. Their ages ranged from 11 years to 95 years with a mean of 37.2 years (SD = 16.725) and a median of 36 years. The overall HBsAg infection rate was 18.3% (55/300). A higher infection rate (23.1%) occurred among the male patients compared with 14% in females (p = 0.0086). The high rate of HBV infection found among this study population suggests that Dental Surgeons in this environment have a high risk of exposure to hepatitis B virus and should be immunized at the beginning of their professional life. Universal biosafety measures should be observed strictly in all invasive procedures.

Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection among oral surgery patients at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

The Human Immuno-deficiency Virus is a World-wide epidemic and evidence abound that the infection is spreading rapidly in sub-Saharan Africa with little or no control. Nosocomial transmission of HIV in the Dental Surgery has been documented. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of HIV among dental patients undergoing extraction at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Three hundred patients requiring dental extraction at the dental clinic, UCH, Ibadan who consented were enrolled for the study. Blood samples from these individuals were tested for the presence of HIV antibodies using commercially available ELISA (Monolisa Sanofi, Pasteur, France). All initially reactive samples were confirmed by a commercial Western immunoblot assay (Bio-Rad Norapath HIV kit). A prevalence of 2.3% (7/300) was obtained among individuals tested for this study. Four (2.8%) of the 143 males and 3 (1.9%) of 157 females were positive for HIV antibodies. All the seropositive patients except one were within the age range 20-39 years and most of them (6 out of 7) do not use condom during intercourse. More than half (57%) of the patients had more than one sexual partner. This study shows that the risk of transmitting HIV to DHCW during treatment is also a potential hazard in this environment. Hence, adequate preventive measure should be observed always.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review of 246 Nigerian cases.

A review of 246 Nigerians with oral squamous cell carcinoma seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, over a 20-year (1976-1995) period was carried out. A prevalence rate of 1.2% was found with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Their ages ranged from 20 to 88 years with mean and median ages of 53.7 and 55.5 years respectively. The most common site was the palate while the least common was the buccal mucosa. Most patients presented later for treatment with advanced disease, but women tended to report earlier than men. Out of 125 patients who had definitive treatment, only 33 (26%) had adequate follow-up records and recurrence was noted in 13 (39%). The prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma is significant in this environment but patient awareness is still low. There is a need to step up awareness campaign programmes, provide more centres for cancer treatment and introduce mass screening programmes.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumours in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Only a few reports of adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) in Africans have been published. Clinical, histological and radiographic features as well as treatment results of thirteen new cases of AOT seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan were reviewed. This lesion constituted 12.1% of odontogenic tumours. This study shows a male: female ratio of 1.2:1. This contrasts with the reported male: female ratio of 1:3 in the United States, Britain, Sri Lanka and Japan. The higher male incidence may be peculiar to Nigeria. Although the peak incidence was in the second decade of life, four patients were over 20 years of age. The mean age was 23.2 years for all patients. None of the patients presented with recurrence on follow up.

Kaposis sarcoma report of a case with exclusive oral involvement.

A case of Kaposis sarcoma presenting exclusively in the oral cavity is reported. Exclusive oral presentation of Kaposis sarcoma is considered extremely rare. At the U.C.H. Ibadan, a total of one hundred and two cases of Kaposis sarcoma were seen in the last 24 years. None of these presented exclusively or concomitantly in the oral cavity, until this case under review. The clinical and histological difficulties that were encountered in diagnosing this exclusive oral presentation are discussed. Literature review on possible pathogenesis is highlighted.

Kaposis sarcoma report of case with exclusive oral involvement

A case of sarcoma presenting exclusively in the oral cavity is reported. Exclusive oral presentation of kaposis sarcoma is considered extremely rare. At the U.C.H. Ibadan; a total of one hundred and two cases of kaposis sarcoma were seen in the last 24 years. None of these presented exclusively or concomitantly in the oral cavity; until this case under review. The clinical and histological difficulties that were encountered in diagnosing this exclusive oral presentation are discussed. Literature review on possible pathogenesis is highlighted

Osteomyelitis of the mandible associated with osteopetrosis: report of a case.

A 45-year-old Nigerian housewife with chronic osteomyelitis associated with osteopetrosis is described and discussed. Haematological and radiographical investigations on routine admission led to the secondary diagnosis of osteopetrosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of osteomyelitis of jaws associated with osteopetrosis reported in an African.

Fibromyxomas of the jawbones--a study of ten cases.

Ten cases of fibromyxoma of the jawbones are presented. The literature is reviewed and the age and sex incidences, clinical presentation, difficulty of diagnosis and management of this tumour are discussed.

Ameloblastoma: a survey of 199 cases in the University of College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

In a study of occurrence of tumors of the jaw seen in the University College Hospital over a 24-year period, 199 cases of histologically diagnosed ameloblastoma were found. Notable features of these lesions were extreme size at presentation and high frequency of recurrence. Ameloblastoma ranks next in frequency to fibroosseous lesions and salivary gland tumors in this community. The incidence in men exceeds that of women. The mandible was the location in over 85 percent of the cases. Six cases were suspected to have turned malignant following multiple surgical operations.

Osteogenic sarcoma of the jaw in an African community: report of twenty-one cases.

Twenty-one patients with osteogenic sarcoma were treated at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, during the period from 1960 to 1984. Six of the 21 patients were younger than 20 years of age, and there was a predominance of male patients in the series. The maxilla was involved more frequently than the mandible. Surgery was the only treatment available. All of the patients are presumed to be dead.

Chondrosarcoma of the jaw: review of fourteen cases.

From 1960 to 1983 a total of 14 cases of chondrosarcoma of the jaws were treated at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 55 years (average age, 35 years), and nine of the patients were male. Six of the lesions were located in the maxilla and eight in the mandible. Most of the patients presented too late in the course of the disease to benefit from treatment; only one is known to be still alive.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in a black African population: report of thirteen cases.

The records of the Cancer Registry of University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria, were reviewed for the incidence of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor from 1961-1982. Thirteen cases of the tumor were found. Clinical, histologic, and radiologic features of the 13 cases are reported. Many features were similar to previous reports of this tumor, but an increased ratio of males to females and preference for the mandible was observed. It is suggested that these factors may be peculiar to Nigerians. A few cases showed an unusual posterior location of tumor.

Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaw: a review of 133 cases from Nigeria.

A review of 133 cases of fibro-osseous lesions seen and treated at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, is presented. The age of patients at time of diagnosis ranged from 4 years to 68 years, although over 56 percent occurred in the first two decades of life. The maxilla was more commonly affected and there was a female preponderance in the incidence. Radical surgery was often indicated and performed because of the extent of lesions when presented. Early attempts at graft reconstructions were largely abandoned because of high failure rates. Tumor recurrences or growth cessations were not predictable as some lesions regressed after minor interventions while others grew rather rapidly following radical surgery.

Primary tumors of the jaw in Nigerian children.

Over a 13-year period at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, 152 cases of primary tumors of the jaw (excluding Burkett's lymphoma) were reported. These cases, which consisted entirely of Nigerian children under 19 years of age, were then reviewed and analyzed. The majority of the jaw tumors were benign with fibro-osseous lesions and ameloblastoma predominating.Common clinical features were late presentation and disfigurement which made aggressive surgery imperative. All cases of malignant tumors terminated fatally.