Association between Alanine Aminotransferase, Hypertension and Obesity in Nigerians.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is associated with hypertension and obesity. OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between ALT within the reference range with hypertension and obesity. METHODS: This study utilized the data of a cross-sectional health survey involving 558 adult participants. Anthropometry, blood pressure, and plasma glucose were determined with standard protocols. Quartiles of log-transformed ALT were generated and the association with obesity/hypertension was determined with ANOVA and regression analysis. RESULTS: There were 205 (36.7%) men. The mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of all participants was 4.7 (1.6) mmol/L. In men, there was a positive correlation between ALT and body mass index (BMI) (r=0.148; p=0.038), waist circumference (WC) (r=0.166; p=0.020), and waist-to-height-ratio (WHtR) (r=0.163; p=0.021). No correlation was observed between ALT and anthropometric indices in women, or with blood pressure indices in both genders. In men, only WHtR (p for trend, 0.045) was significantly associated with ALT quartiles, whereas in women, only WC (p for trend, 0.028) was significantly associated with ALT quartiles. In men, compared to 1st quartile, the OR for general obesity of the 4th quartile of Log ALT was 2.662 (95% CI 1.219 - 5.816; p=0.014). In women, the OR for hypertension of the 3rd quartile of Log ALT versus the 1st quartile was 1.955 (95% CI 0.694 - 2.416; p=0.041). Log ALT did not predict hypertension and obesity in men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The risks of obesity and hypertension increase as the ALT level increases within the normal ALT range. People with normal levels of ALT in the upper limits need to be evaluated for metabolic disorders.

CONTEXTE: Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) sont des causes principales de morbidité et de mortalité dans le monde. L'alanine aminotransférase (ALT) est associée à l'hypertension et à l'obésité. OBJECTIFS: Déterminer l'association entre l'ALT dans la plage de référence avec l'hypertension et l'obésité. MÉTHODES: Cette étude utilise les données d'une enquête transversale sur la santé impliquant 558 participants adultes. L'anthropométrie, la pression artérielle et la glycémie plasmatique ont été déterminées selon des protocoles standard. Les quartiles de l'ALT transformée en logarithme ont été générés et son association avec l'obésité/l'hypertension a été déterminée avec une analyse de variance (ANOVA) et une analyse de régression. RÉSULTATS: Il y avait 205 hommes (36,7%). La glycémie plasmatique à jeun moyenne (FPG) de tous les participants était de 4,7 (1,6) mmol/L. Chez les hommes, il y avait une corrélation positive entre l'ALT et l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) (r=0,148, p<0,038), la circonférence de taille (CT) (r=0,166, p<0,020) et le rapport tour de taille/taille (WHtR) (r=0,163, p<0,021). Aucune corrélation n'a été observée entre l'ALT et les indices anthropométriques chez les femmes, ni entre les indices de pression artérielle dans les deux sexes. Chez les hommes, seul le WHtR (p pour la tendance, 0,045) était significativement associé aux quartiles de l'ALT, tandis que chez les femmes, seule la CT (p pour la tendance, 0,028) était significativement associée aux quartiles de l'ALT. Chez les hommes, par rapport au 1er quartile, le rapport de cotes (RC) pour l'obésité générale du 4ème quartile de Log ALT était (2,662, IC à 95%, 1,219-5,816; p=0,014). Chez les femmes, le RC pour l'hypertension du 3ème quartile de Log ALT versus le 1er quartile était (1,955, IC à 95%, 0,694-2,416; p=0,041). Le Log ALT n'a pas prédit l'hypertension et l'obésité chez les hommes et les femmes respectivement. CONCLUSIONS: Le risque d'obésité et d'hypertension augmente à mesure que le niveau d'ALT augmente dans la plage normale d'ALT. Les personnes présentant un niveau normal d'ALT aux limites supérieures doivent être évaluées pour des troubles métaboliques. MOTS-CLÉS: Maladies cardiovasculaires, Obésité, Hypertension, Alanine aminotransferase.

Knowledge and Prevalence of Heart Disease Risk Factors Among Staff of a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Hence, awareness of cardiovascular risk factors is an essential step towards effective reduction of the disease burden. This study determined the knowledge and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Staff of Ekiti State University. Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study which comprised of 223 members of staff. RESULTS: There were 103 males (46.2%). Low knowledge of heart disease risk factors was found in 68.6% of the respondents. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight, obesity, physical inactivity was 35.4%, 12.1%, 31.8%, 23.3%, and 83% respectively. Family history of hypertension was a predictor of a high level of knowledge. CONCLUSION: A low level of knowledge and increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors existed among staff of Ekiti State University, Nigeria. Hence, there should be a step-up of awareness campaigns and promotion of healthy lifestyle among this category of people.

Predictors of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in a low-resource setting.

This study aims at identifying predictors of asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) among pregnant women in a low-resource setting, with the intent of recommending a guideline for screening during antenatal care. A total of 266 healthy pregnant women were antenatally recruited after informed consent. They had routine antenatal investigations, a 1 h 50-g oral glucose tolerance test and quantitative urine culture and sensitivity. The data collected were analysed using statistical software package SPSS v. 17. Prevalence of AB was 23 (8.6%). Escherichia coli was the commonest isolate (6, 26.1%), closely followed by Staphylococcus aureus (5, 21.7%). AB was commoner among patients aged 25-34 years, of low parity and higher education. Blood group B- rhesus-positive significantly predicts the likelihood of developing AB in pregnancy (adjusted OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.14-0.96). We conclude that blood group B-rhesus-positive in association with other patients' characteristics, such as age 25-34 years, low parity and higher education could form guidelines for a screening algorithm in our environment.