RESUMO
Recent advances in computer vision (CV) and natural language processing have been driven by exploiting big data on practical applications. However, these research fields are still limited by the sheer volume, versatility, and diversity of the available datasets. CV tasks, such as image captioning, which has primarily been carried out on natural images, still struggle to produce accurate and meaningful captions on sketched images often included in scientific and technical documents. The advancement of other tasks such as 3D reconstruction from 2D images requires larger datasets with multiple viewpoints. We introduce DeepPatent2, a large-scale dataset, providing more than 2.7 million technical drawings with 132,890 object names and 22,394 viewpoints extracted from 14 years of US design patent documents. We demonstrate the usefulness of DeepPatent2 with conceptual captioning. We further provide the potential usefulness of our dataset to facilitate other research areas such as 3D image reconstruction and image retrieval.
RESUMO
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) DprE1, an essential isomerase for the biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall, is a validated target for tuberculosis (TB) drug development. Here we report the X-ray crystal structures of DprE1 and the DprE1 resistant mutant (Y314C) in complexes with TCA1 derivatives to elucidate the molecular basis of their inhibitory activities and an unconventional resistance mechanism, which enabled us to optimize the potency of the analogs. The selected lead compound showed excellent inâ vitro and inâ vivo activities, and low risk of toxicity profile except for the inhibition of CYP2C9. A crystal structure of CYP2C9 in complex with a TCA1 analog revealed the similar interaction patterns to the DprE1-TCA1 complex. Guided by the structures, an optimized molecule was generated with differential inhibitory activities against DprE1 and CYP2C9, which provides insights for development of a clinical candidate to treat TB.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9/metabolismo , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolismo , Tiofenos/química , Animais , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Proteínas de Bactérias/antagonistas & inibidores , Sítios de Ligação , Domínio Catalítico , Cristalografia por Raios X , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9/química , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiofenos/farmacologia , Tiofenos/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/veterináriaRESUMO
A library of benzimidazole-substituted potassium organotrifluoroborates was prepared via the condensation of various potassium formyl-substituted aryl- and heteroaryltrifluoroborates with aromatic 1,2-diamines under oxidative conditions. The efficient Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of products thus formed to various aryl and heteroaryl bromides was achieved in good yields. The method allows the facile preparation of benzimidazole-containing triaromatic products in two steps from simple potassium formyl substituted aryl- or heteroaryltrifluoroborates.
Assuntos
Benzimidazóis/síntese química , Boratos/síntese química , Hidrocarbonetos Fluorados/química , Potássio/química , Benzimidazóis/química , Boratos/química , Catálise , Técnicas de Química Combinatória , Diaminas/química , Estrutura Molecular , OxirreduçãoRESUMO
A protected cyclitol aglycon was tethered to an (N-arylsulfonyl)glucosamine donor by a methylene linker; the exclusively alpha-selective intramolecular glycosylation reaction was then initiated by electrophilic activation of the thioglycoside donor portion. Further transformations of the glycosylation product to give the M. tuberculosis detoxifier mycothiol and its oxidized congener, the disulfide mycothione, are detailed.
Assuntos
Cisteína/síntese química , Glicopeptídeos/síntese química , Inositol/síntese química , Catálise , Cisteína/química , Glucosamina/química , Glicopeptídeos/química , Glicosilação , Inositol/química , Estrutura Molecular , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/química , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Estereoisomerismo , Tioglicosídeos/síntese química , Tioglicosídeos/químicaRESUMO
The potent O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor GlcNAc-thiazoline has been modified by buffer- or acylation-induced imine-to-enamine conversion and then electrophile or radical addition (Xn = D3, F, N3, OH, SMe, COCF3, CF3). Several functionalized GlcNAc-thiazolines show highly selective inhibition of OGA vs human hexosaminidase and thus have promise as tools for targeted investigations of OGA, an enzyme linked to diabetes and neurodegeneration. A new radical addition/fragmentation reaction of the N-(trifluoroacetyl)enamine has been discovered.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Glucosamina/análogos & derivados , Tiazóis/síntese química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/efeitos da radiação , Radicais Livres/síntese química , Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Radicais Livres/efeitos da radiação , Glucosamina/síntese química , Glucosamina/farmacologia , Glucosamina/efeitos da radiação , Hexosaminidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Humanos , Isomerismo , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiazóis/farmacologia , Tiazóis/efeitos da radiação , beta-N-Acetil-Hexosaminidases/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The O,O-dibenzyl-S-glycosyl phosphothioite derived from 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranose rearranges under the influence of triethylborane and air to provide the corresponding 1-C-pyranosyl-O,O-dibenzylphosphonothioate, a new type of carbohydrate derivative. The isomeric beta phosphothioite is compared, and evidence of a radical chain mechanism for the Pudovik rearrangement is presented.
