Frequency of blood donation and malaria occurrence among blood donors in a tertiary hospital, Nigeria

Context: Malaria is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Transfusion transmitted malaria contributes significantly to the burden of malaria in SSA. The safety of blood transfusion as it relates to frequency of blood donation and malaria occurrence on the part of donors is an aspect that has not been properly investigated hence this study. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the frequency of blood donation and occurrence of malaria among blood donors at OAUTHC, Ile-Ife. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Ethical approval was obtained. One hundred and thirty-three consenting blood donors aged between 18-50 years were recruited for the study. Two milliliter's of blood were collected from each study participant and immediately transported to the laboratory for processing. Giemsa-stained films of the samples were viewed under the oil immersion objective of the microscope. Questionnaires were administered to the study participants to obtain relevant information. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 20. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of malaria among the blood donors was 21.1% with the highest rate among commercial donors (33.3%) followed by family donors (12.9%) then voluntary donors (11.9%). Evaluation of the frequency of donation showed that malaria occurred more in recurring donors (77.78%) than first time donors (22.22%).

Profile of Acute Poisoning among Adult Patients at the Emergency Room of a Tertiary Hospital, South-western Nigeria.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acute poisoning often presents as an acute medical condition necessitating prompt medical care. Few data exist on adult poisoning and management protocol often are inadequate. Assessing the cases may inform a more robust protocol for case management, necessitating this study. The objective was to assess cases of acute poisoning and determine the agents as well as their outcomes. METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving 53 adult cases of acute poisoning at the emergency room (ER) of a tertiary hospital over 5 years (2016­2020). The ER register was assessed for the gender, type of agent and outcome of the medical condition. Cases admitted to the ward were followed up to determine their outcomes. RESULTS: There were more males, 34 (64.2%) than females. 19 (35.8%) with a mean age of 29.2 ± 13.5 years and 24.6 ± 8.2 years respectively. Organophosphates accounted for 22 (41.5%) of cases followed by a cocktail of unknown mixture in 12 (22.6%) and paraquat in 6 (11.3%) cases. Alcohol, medications, and alkali were responsible for 5 (9.5%), 4 (7.5%) and 4 (7.5%) cases respectively. Mortality was recorded in 11 (20.8%) of cases this was mostly associated with paraquat. In addition, 1 (1.9%) case was referred to another facility while 2 (3.8%) cases required longer hospital stay. More than 50% of the cases were discharged within 24 to 48 hours while 6 (11.3%) cases were discharged against medical advice. CONCLUSION: Organophosphate appears to be the most common agent responsible for acute poisoning in adults in this environment and young male adults have a higher risk. Most of the poisoning cases were discharged however, mortality was high, particularly among those with paraquat poisoning.

CONTEXTE ET OBJECTIF: L'intoxication aiguë se présente souvent comme une condition médicale aiguë nécessitant des soins médicaux rapides. Il existe peu de données sur l'empoisonnement chez les adultes et le protocole de gestion est souvent inadéquat. L'évaluation des cas peut éclairer un protocole plus robuste pour la gestion des cas, ce qui nécessite cette étude. L'objectif estd'évaluer les cas d'intoxication aiguë et de déterminer les agents ainsi que leurs résultats. MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective portant sur tous les cas d'intoxication aiguë auxurgences d'un hôpital tertiairesur une période de 5 ans (2016-2020). Le registre des urgences a été évalué pour le sexe, le type d'agent et l'issue de l'état de santé. Les cas renvoyés au service ont fait l'objet d'un suivi pour déterminer les résultats. RÉSULTATS: La proportion de bières était plus élevée que celle des femmes (64,2 % contre 35,8 %) avec un âge moyen de 29,2 ±13,5 ans et 24,6 ±8,2 ans respectivement. L'organophosphate représentait 41,5 % des cas, suivi du mélange cocktail (22,6 %) et du paraquat (11,3 %). L'alcool, les drogues et les alcalis étaient responsables de 9,4 %, 7,6 % et 7,5 % respectivement. Mortalité wtelle qu'enregistrée dans 20. 8 % des cas; 1,9 % ont été référés tandis que 3,8 % ont dû rester plus longtemps à l'hôpital. Plus de 50 % des cas ont reçu leur congé dans les 24 à 48 heures, tandis que 11,3 % ont reçu leur congé contre avis médical. Le paraquat était le plus souvent responsable de la mort, tandis que l'alcool, les alcalis et les opioïdes avaient le même taux de mortalité. Neuf (17,0 %) des 11 (20,8 %) mortalités étaient des hommes CONCLUSION: La mortalité par intoxication aiguë est élevée et l'empoisonnement au paraquat est l'agent le plus mortel suivi par l'organophosphate. Les jeunes hommes sont prédisposés à l'empoisonnement par l'organophosphate ou le paraquat pour lesquels la mortalité est élevée. Mots-clés: Empoisonnement, Paraquat, Urgence, Organophosphate, MMortalité.