[Four Cases of Other Iatrogenic Immunodeficiency-associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders in the Head and Neck Region].

Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (OIIA-LPD) comprise lymphoid proliferations or lymphomas that arise in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs for autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with methotrexate (MTX). MTX has been increasingly administered to patients with RA, resulting in methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD) in patients. We report herein on four cases of patients with RA, who diagnosed with head and neck region. In two cases (one case MTX and another case tacrolimus) drug therapy was discontinued, when the patients were diagnosed as having OIIA-LPD in only a few local findings. These patients have followed good clinical courses for 24 months. In the other two cases, consultations were performed for cervical lymphadenopathy by the Division of Rheumatology. In one case drug therapy was discontinued and a good clinical course was followed. In case of the other patient, however, who had undergone tacrolimus therapy after MTX therapy was discontinued, she relapsed and died. In the case of patients with an autoimmune disease such as RA who are taking MTX, tacrolimus, or anti TNF-α therapy, when cervical lymphadenopathy and extranodal disease are detected, OIIA-LPD should be suspected. We should cooperate with a hematologist-oncologist, a rheumatologist, and pathologist in such a case.

[A Case of Juvenile-Onset Laryngeal Papillomatosis Requiring Emergency Airway Management].

Juvenile-onset laryngeal papillomatosis has a serious tendency for rapid growth and repeated recurrence. Thus, patience and prudence are required for the successful management of this pathology. We report herein on 2-year and 4-month-old boy with juvenile-onset laryngeal papillomatosis, which caused remarkable airway constriction that required urgent airway management. He was delivered vaginally by a mother with condyloma acuminatum. Hoarseness appeared at 1 year of age, and retractive breathing was observed at 1 year and 6 months of age. He finally presented with severe wheezing and was admitted to the emergency room of our hospital with a laryngeal tumor strongly resembling a papilloma. Emergency endotracheal intubation was possible by means of a fine endotracheal tube with an internal diameter of 2.5 mm. His supraglottic space was filled with the tumor; thus, making the visibility of the vocal folds difficult. The tumor was surgically removed using a microdebrider under general anesthesia. The histopathological diagnosis was benign papilloma and HPV11 virus was detected. The rapidly growing papilloma showed a strong tendency for recurrence, and four additional surgical procedures had to be performed within 6 months after the first operation. This patient will therefore require cautious medical care in the future.