The Effect of Stoma Site Marking on Stomal Complications: A Long-term Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of stoma site marking on stoma-related complications. METHODS: The study sample included 639 individuals with stomas who were followed up in a stomatherapy unit in Turkey between January 1, 2017, and June 20, 2021. Researchers collected patient data from nursing records. Data were evaluated using number, percentage, χ2, and logistic regression tests. RESULTS: Of the individuals with stomas, 60.6% (n = 387) were men, and 72.6% (n = 464) had a cancer diagnosis. Their mean age was 60.16 (SD, 14.81) years. The stoma site was marked preoperatively in of 67.1% of patients (n = 429), and 17.1% (n = 109) developed stoma-related complications. The complication rate was higher in individuals with unmarked stoma sites (25.7%; P = .000), emergency surgeries (25.0%; P = .006), colostomies (23.9%; P = .042), and permanent stomas (28.3%; P = .002). The three most common complications were peristomal skin problems (56.9%), mucocutaneous separation (13.8%), and edema (9.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of stoma-related complications in the postoperative period was higher in individuals with unmarked stoma sites. The authors recommend that stoma and wound care nurses mark the stoma site in individuals for whom stoma creation is planned.

Utilization of microbial cocultures for converting mixed substrates to valuable bioproducts.

Utilization of microbial cocultures has been found to be a powerful approach for biochemical production. Cultivation of microbial co-culturescocultures on mixed substrates provides new opportunities and flexibility to control the growth and biosynthesis behavior of coculture members, and thus adds a new dimension for microbial coculture engineering. More generally, recruitment of microbial cocultures allows for efficient utilization of substrates to produce complex end products, which is challenging to achieve by monoculture approaches, which has been the traditional microbial engineering approach. To this end, significant achievements have been made in recent years to advance this new approach in metabolic engineering. In this review, we highlight representative groups of bioproducts that are produced from mixed substrates using various microbial cocultures. The challenges and opportunities of this approach are also discussed.

Evaluation of transcription factor and aquaporin gene expressions in response to Al2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles during barley germination.

Aluminum oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are two of the mostly produced engineered metal oxide NPs. Here, barley germination and root elongation as well as gene expressions of the selected aquaporins (HvTip1;1 and HvPip1;1) and transcription factors (HvERFs and HvNFX1) were investigated after exposure to Al2O3 and ZnO NPs for foreseeing the effect of NP exposure. ICP-MS analysis showed that the nanoparticles were taken up into root and leaves. Even the germination analysis and seedling establishment data indicate that the applied NPs do not have any observable inhibitory effects except on root length, the gene expression analysis revealed that these nanoparticle applications lead to a response at the molecular level. The gene expression profiling indicated that aquaporins and transcription factor genes were differentially regulated in leaves and roots in response to NPs treatments. The expressions of aquaporin genes were higher especially in leaves in compared to the control plants. Gradual decrease was obtained in roots by application of the increased levels of Al2O3 NPs. The effects of ZnO NPs on gene expression levels of barley TFs were dramatically more distinctive in comparison with that of Al2O3 NPs. The expression profiles of HvERFs and HvNFX1 transcription factors in response to the Al2O3 and ZnO NPs suggest that these selected TFs can play important roles in shaping abiotic stress tolerance in young barley roots and leaves. Outcomes of the study will allow us to predict complex stress response of barley in response to the nanoparticles.

DOF, MYB and TCP transcription factors: Their possible roles on barley germination and seedling establishment.

Seed germination is a multi-staged complex process during seed plant life cycle, and it is tightly regulated through a coordinated expression of diverse genes in diverse tissues. As regulatory molecules of gene expression, determination of transcription factors is crucial to understanding molecular basis and regulatory network of germination process and seedling establishment. However, limited data on the contributions of these transcription factors to the germination of crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are available. Here, we investigated the expression profiles of selected transcription factors from different families (DOF, MYB and TCP) with qRT-PCR analysis in various tissues including coleoptiles, leaves and roots following the germination. Analysis of MYB and DOF gene expression profiles indicated that there were differing expressions in different aged tissues, HvMYB5 and HvDOF2 being the most outstanding one in the oldest tissue, 15-day-old root. On the other hand, investigated TCP genes were lowly expressed compared to selected MYB and DOF genes, except HvTCP3, where the highest expression was observed in 15-day-old root tissue. The obtained expression profiles illustrate the importance of potential regulatory roles of transcription factors in early developmental stages of barley germination and seedling establishment.

Production of pyranoanthocyanins using Escherichia coli co-cultures.

Hydroxyphenyl-pyranoanthocyanins are one of the pyranoanthocyanins found in red wines and some fruit juices. Since they have a fourth ring (pyran or ring D) which provides higher color intensity and exceptional stability toward pH variations in comparison to their anthocyanin precursors, these molecules are one of the most important candidates as natural colorants especially for low- and medium-acidic food and beverages. However, their isolation and characterization are difficult due to their very low concentration. In this study, we co-cultured recombinant E. coli strains to synthesize pyranoanthocyanins with improved titers and yields. To accomplish this task, firstly we engineered 4-vinylphenol and 4-vinylcatechol producer modules then we co-cultured each one of these strains with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside producer recombinant cells to obtain pyranocyanidin-3-O-glucoside-phenol (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside with vinylphenol adduct) and pyranocyanidin-3-O-glucoside-catechol (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside with vinylcatechol adduct). By optimizing the co-culture conditions, we were able to significantly increase final titers and yields, allowing our co-culture approach to easily outperform production of pyranoanthocyanins from red wine. Finally, we demonstrate that the produced pyranoanthocyanins are far more stable than the starting plant-produced cyanidin 3-O-glucoside.

Detection of Variation in Long-Term Micropropagated Mature Pistachio via DNA-Based Molecular Markers.

Determination of genetic stability of in vitro-grown plantlets is needed for safe and large-scale production of mature trees. In this study, genetic variation of long-term micropropagated mature pistachio developed through direct shoot bud regeneration using apical buds (protocol A) and in vitro-derived leaves (protocol B) was assessed via DNA-based molecular markers. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were employed, and the obtained PIC values from RAPD (0.226), ISSR (0.220), and AFLP (0.241) showed that micropropagation of pistachio for different periods of time resulted in "reasonable polymorphism" among donor plant and its 18 clones. Mantel's test showed a consistence polymorphism level between marker systems based on similarity matrices. In conclusion, this is the first study on occurrence of genetic variability in long-term micropropagated mature pistachio plantlets. The obtained results clearly indicated that different marker approaches used in this study are reliable for assessing tissue culture-induced variations in long-term cultured pistachio plantlets.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Vitis Cv. Monastrell suspension-cultured cells: Determination of critical parameters.

Although some works have explored the transformation of differentiated, embryogenic suspension-cultured cells (SCC) to produce transgenic grapevine plants, to our knowledge this is one of the first reports on the efficient transformation of dedifferentiated Vitis vinifera cv Monastrell SCC. This protocol has been developed using the sonication-assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (SAAT) method. A construct harboring the selectable nptII and the eyfp/IV2 marker genes was used in the study and transformation efficiencies reached over 50 independent transformed SCC per gram of infected cells. Best results were obtained when cells were infected at the exponential phase. A high density plating (500 mg/dish) gave significantly better results. As selective agent, kanamycin was inefficient for the selection of Monastrell transformed SCC since wild type cells were almost insensitive to this antibiotic whereas application of paromomycin resulted in very effective selection. Selected eyfp-expressing microcalli were grown until enough tissue was available to scale up a new transgenic SCC. These transgenic SCC lines were evaluated molecularly and phenotypically demonstrating the presence and integration of both transgenes, the absence of Agrobacterium contamination and the ability of the transformed SCC to grow in highly selective liquid medium. The methodology described here opens the possibility of improving the production of valuable metabolites. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:725-734, 2016.