Hematological and serum biochemical indices of West African dwarf goats with foreign body rumen impaction.

Hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in 82 West African Dwarf goats with foreign body rumen impaction (FBR) and 40 normal WAD goats without foreign body rumen impaction (WFBR) in order to evaluate their influence on the etio-pathogenesis of rumen impaction. The mean PCV (26.22%), RBC (9.03 X 106/µL), Hb (8.38g/dl) and MCHC (32.20g/dl) were significantly lower in FBR than in WFBR. The values obtained for serum sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in FBR goats were not significantly different from that of WFBR goats. Mean values of serum total protein (4.02gm/dl), phosphorus (3.38mg/dl), glucose (29.33gm/dl), zinc (0.72mmol/L) and copper (0.49mmol/L) in FBR goats were significantly lower than in WFBR goats. The results suggest that foreign body rumen impaction in WAD goats is influenced by some hematological (PCV, RBC, Hb, MCHC) and serum biochemical (total protein, phosphorus, glucose, zinc, copper) parameters and can be used as a basis for formulating preventive measures.

Gross and histologic evaluation of abdominal adhesions associated with chromic catgut and polypropylene sutured enteropexies in dog / Evaluación macroscópica e histológica de las adherencias abdominales asociadas a enteropexias suturadas con catgut crómico y polipropileno en perros

The gross and histologic patterns of abdominal adhesions formed by the use of chromic catgut and polypropylene suture materials were evaluated in dogs. Gross and histologic examinations did not reveal significant difference (p>0.05) in the degree of adhesions observed at enteropexy sites in both suture materials. The use of polypropylene with superior suture qualities should be considered instead of chromic catgut for procedures in which adhesion is desired in the dog.

Fueron evaluados los patrones macroscópicos e histológicos de las adherencias abdominales formadas por el uso de catgut crómico y materiales de sutura de polipropileno. Los exámenes macroscópicos e histológicos no revelaron diferencias significativas (p> 0,05) en el grado de adherencias observadas en los sitios de la enteropexia en ambos materiales de sutura. El uso de suturas de polipropileno con mejores cualidades debe ser considerado en lugar del catgut cromado para procedimientos en los que la adherencia en el perro es deseada.

Histopathological Effects of Ischemia - Reperfusion on Intestinal Anastomotic Wound Healing in Dogs / Efectos Histopatológicos de Reperfusión Isquemia en la Anastomosis Intestinal de Heridas Curadas en Perros

The histopathological effects of three levels of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) on healing of intestinal anastomotic wound were investigated in dogs. Three groups of dogs in which superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and collaterals were isolated but not occluded (A -control), isolated and occluded immediately distal to the aorta with collateral interruption using an atraumatic arterial clip for fifteen minutes (B) and for forty-five minutes (C) prior to ileal resection and anastomosis after return of normal perfusión in occluded groups was done. Within each group, animals were anaesthesized on third and seventh post-operative day. Grossly, impaired abdominal wound healing, intra-abdominal adhesions and partial and complete anastomotic dehiscence occurred in groups B and C commensurate with intensity of ischemic injury. Histologically, light cellular infiltration with loose granulation tissue was observed in the control group with moderate neovascularization and epithehalization by the seventh day. With mild IR, moderate cellular infiltration was observed four days post operation, but heamorrhage and oedema persisted with minimal mucosal regeneration at seven days post operation. With profound IR, sloughing of the mucosa with cellular infiltration at four days with absence of mucosal regeneration and persistence of inflammatory cellular infiltrates minimal neovascularization and dense granulation tissue. Neutrophilia in the immediate post operative period appears significant to impaired healing due to ischemia-reperfusion.

Se estudiaron, en perros, los efectos histopatológicos de tres niveles de reperfusión isquemia en la curación de anastomosis intestinal. Fueron utilizados tres grupos de perros, en los cuales las colaterales de la arteria mesentérica superior fueron aisladas, pero no ocluidas (A- control), aisladas y ocluidas inmediatamente distal a la aorta con interrupción colateral usando un clip arterial no traumático, por 15 minutos (B) y por cuarenta y cinco minutos (C), previo a la resección ileal y la anastomosis después de retornar a la perfusión normal en los grupos ocluidos. Dentro de cada grupo, los animales fueron anestesiados al tercer y séptimo días postcirugía. En la cicatrización del daño abdominal se observaron adhesiones y dehiscencias parcial y completa en los grupos B y C, correspondiéndose con la intensidad del daño causado por la isquemia. Histológicamente, se observó en el grupo control, baja infiltración celular con tejido de granulación laxo, con moderada neovasculanzación y epitelización, desde el séptimo día. Con una suave IR, también se observó moderada infiltración celular cuatro días postcirugía, pero la hemorragia y el edema persistieron con una mínima regeneración mucosa hasta los sietes días después de la operación. Con una profunda IR, la mucosa se desprendió con infiltración celular hasta los cuatro días con ausencia de regeneración mucosa y persistencia de infiltrado celular inflamatorio con mínima neovascularización y tejido denso de granulación. Se observó una significativa neutrofilia en el postoperatorio inmediato lo que perjudicó la cicatrización debido a la reperfusión-isquemia.

Human amoebiasis: cultivation and experimental transmission in animals.

In vitro cultivation was carried out on an initial strain of Entamoeba histolytica from human source. Dysphasic medium was used and concentrations of horse serum and antibiotic varied in response to developments. Experimental infection of dogs, rabbits and mice was carried. Except for the controls, all animals were orally infected and monitored until the experiment was terminated. Parasitaemia became evident as from the 6th day in dogs experimentally infected and until about the 20th day when lower parasitaemia were obtained. Characteristic erosions were observed at autopsy. The tests in rabbits and mice showed that the strain used in this experiment was virulent. This paper highlights both the virulent nature of this parasite on other animals and its zoonotic potential.

Epidemiological studies on human trichomoniasis in southwestern Nigeria.

Retrospective study was carried out on the incidence of Trichomoniasis vaginalis infection in Nigeria. Data were obtained from two main hospitals in Ibadan (Adeoyo State Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital) and compared the data were classified and analysed statistically using the chi-square test. The study showed a high yearly incidence of I. vaginalis infection in Nigeria and in particular with people of low socio-economic status. The incidence was also higher in females than males.

Human amoebiasis: epidemiological studies at two hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Investigations were conducted into the prevalence rates of Entamoeba histolytica over a five year period in Ibadan, Qyo State of Nigeria. Between 1979 and 1983, 1465 (17.23%) patients out of 8499 people examined at the University of Ibadan Teaching Hospital were positive for the infection. Within the same period only 37 (0.88%) out of 4196 people examined at the Adeoyo State Hospital were infected. Both male and female were affected. There is also no influence of age on the prevalence rates as both adult and children were infected with amoebiasis.

Anaplasmosis of small ruminants in Nigeria: incidence and parasite identification through blood smear and latex agglutination test (LAT).

A survey was carried out on the incidence of anaplasmosis in small ruminants at Bodija abattoir, Ibadan. 100 sheep and 200 goats were examined using and comparing two methods-the Giemsa stained blood smear and serodiagnosis by Latex Agglutination Technique. The sheep and goats examined were among those brought from various parts of northern states and some neighbouring countries like Chad, Benin, Niger and Burkina Faso. 27% of the sheep and 17.5% of goats were positive for Anaplasma bodies with blood smear method while 54% of sheep and 61% of goats were sero positive with latex agglutination test (LAT). There seems to be a high incidence of anaplasmosis among sheep and goats probably due to the abundance of its arthropod vectors. The serodiagnostic method showed a high degree of specificity and sensitivity and is useful in field diagnosis.

Experimental transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis in laboratory animals and the chemistry of vaginal exudates.

Experimental transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis into laboratory was carried out. The protein and glucose levels of infected vaginal exudates were also investigated. Subcutaneous lesions were produced in the mice with influx of neutrophils and macrophages and sloughing of epidermal parts. Rats, seem to be refractory to this infection. Compared with normal persons, the protein and glucose levels were higher and richer in exudates of patients with T. vaginalis infection.