RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dental care has been the most commonly reported unmet service need among individuals with special health care needs. OBJECTIVES: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of individuals with special health care needs in a selected special education centre in South South Nigeria. METHODS: A cross sectional, descriptive study conducted among students of Special Education Centre in Calabar. Sociodemographic data was collected while oral health conditions and treatment needs of the participants were assessed through oral examination. Data entry and analysis was by IBM SPSS version 21 and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Eighty-one participants were recruited for this study. More than half of the participants were males (56.8%) and had hearing impairments alone (56%). The most common oral condition was dental caries (40.7%) with a mean DMFT/dmft of 0.4 (±1.0). Majority of the participants had fair oral hygiene and the mean OHIS was 2.4(±1.3). Male participants and participants within the 21-30 years age group had poorer oral hygiene than their female counterparts and other age groups respectively. The preventive and restorative treatment needs were 56% and 18.5% respectively. CONCLUSION: Dental caries was the most prevalent oral health condition among this population with high unmet preventive and restorative treatment needs.
CONTEXTE: Les soins dentaires sont le besoin de service non satisfait le plus souvent signalé chez les personnes ayant des besoins spéciaux en matière de santé. OBJECTIFS: Évaluer l'état de santé bucco-dentaire et les besoins de traitement des personnes ayant des besoins spéciaux en matière de soins de santé dans un centre d'éducation spéciale sélectionné dans le sud du Nigeria. MÉTHODES: Étude descriptive transversale menée auprès des étudiants du centre d'éducation spéciale de Calabar. Des données sociodémographiques ont été recueillies tandis que les conditions de santé bucco-dentaire et les besoins de traitement des participants ont été évalués par un examen bucco-dentaire. La saisie et l'analyse des données ont été effectuées par IBM SPSS version 21 et la signification statistique a été fixée à p<0,05. RÉSULTATS: Quatre-vingt-un participants ont été recrutés pour cette étude. Plus de la moitié des participants étaient des hommes (56,8%) et présentaient uniquement des déficiences auditives (56%). L'affection buccale la plus fréquente était la carie dentaire (40,7 %), avec un indice CAOD/CAOD moyen de 0,4 (+1,0). La majorité des participants avaient une hygiène bucco-dentaire correcte et l'OHIS moyen était de 2,4 (+1,3). Les hommes et les participants de la tranche d'âge 2130 ans avaient une hygiène bucco-dentaire moins bonne que leurs homologues féminins et les autres tranches d'âge respectivement. Les besoins en traitements préventifs et restaurateurs étaient respectivement de 56% et 18,5%. CONCLUSION: Les caries dentaires étaient le problème de santé bucco-dentaire le plus répandu dans cette population, avec des besoins élevés en traitements préventifs et restaurateurs non satisfaits. Mots clés: Santé bucco-dentaire, caries dentaires, hygiène buccodentaire, éducation spéciale, besoins en soins spéciaux.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Saúde Bucal , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Educação InclusivaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study determined differences in the orthodontic treatment need of children and adolescents with and without special healthcare needs (SHCN) resident in Ile-Ife. METHODS: Participants were children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years with and without SHCN recruited from regular and special schools in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, respectively. SHCN were categorised as hearing impairment (HI), visual impairment (VI), physical impairment (PI) or intellectual disability (ID). The orthodontic treatment need was determined using the aesthetic component (AC) and dental health component (DHC) of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) and the dental aesthetic index (DAI). Chi-squared tests were used to determine differences in orthodontic treatment need; one-way analysis of variance was used to compare participants' mean DAI scores. Statistical significance was inferred at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The data of 164 participants with SHCN and 208 participants without SHCN were analysed. Significantly more children and adolescents with SHCN than those without SHCN had great need for treatment on the AC (15.2% vs. 4.3%; p<0.001) and the DHC (28.0% vs. 18.3%; p = 0.005) of IOTN and mandatory need for treatment using the DAI (28.0% vs. 12.0%; p < 0.001). The orthodontic treatment need of participants with intellectual disability, visual impairments and multiple SHCN differed significantly from the control group, those with intellectual disability also had greater need for orthodontic treatment compared with those with physical and hearing impairments (p < 0.05) CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents with SHCN, resident in Ile-Ife, are at greater risk of having malocclusion traits that require orthodontic treatment when compared with their peers without SHCN, especially those with intellectual disability.
