[The incidence of malignant tumors and mortality caused by them in Commonwealth of Independent States in 2005].

The world's incidence of cancer is 10.9 million new cases each year. In developed countries cancer in the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. In Russia, the number of patients with a newly established diagnosis of a malignant tumor increased by 4.6% in 2000-2005 reaching 469.2 thousands. Standardized indices of cancer incidence in Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) were the highest in Belarus (312.5 per tens of thousand in men and 217.6 per tens of thousand in women), Russia (270.8 per tens of thousand and 196.8 per tens of thousand), and Kazakhstan (234.0 per tens of thousand and 171.4 per tens of thousand), lower in Armenia (201.3 per tens of thousand and 143.2 per tens of thousand) and Moldova (185 per tens of thousand and 162.2 per tens of thousand), and minimal in Azerbaydzhan (85.6 per tens of thousand and 73.5 per tens of thousand) and Kyrgyzstan (104.8 per tens of thousand and 115.3 per tens of thousand). The number of deaths caused by cancer is 6.7 million per year. In CIS, cancer-related mortality fell in Belarus (by 6.7% and 4.7% among men and women, respectively) and Kazakhstan (by 9.3% and 7.7%), while in Armenia it grew significantly (by 37.5% and 24.7%). In Russia, cancer-related mortality in 2000-2005 decreased by 2.6% in men and 0.8% in women. In Russia, Kazakhstan, and Armenia, the incidence of cancer of prostate grew more intensively than that of other localizations. Mortality caused by colon cancer grew in Russia and Armenia (both genders) and Belarus (women); skin cancer mortality grew in Belarus and Kazakhstan (men); breast cancer mortality grew in Armenia.

[Effects of dioxins in the development of malignant tumors and disorders of reproductive health of the population]. / O vliianii dioksinov na vozniknovenie zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii i narushenii reproduktivnogo zdorov'ia naseleniia.

The mortality caused by malignant tumors in the town of Chapaevsk, characterized by increased level of dioxins in the environment, is statistically higher than the expected values. For men the relative risk of general morbidity is 1.9 and mortality, 1.8; for lung cancer: morbidity, 3.3 and mortality 3.1; for urogenital cancer: morbidity, 3.6 and mortality, 2.6; for gastric cancer: morbidity 1.9 and mortality, 1.7. In women the morbidity and mortality due to breast cancer (relative risks 1.9 and 2.1, respectively) and cancer of the cervix uteri (relative risks 2.1 and 1.8, respectively) are increased. Changes in the reproductive health of residents of this town are as follows: high incidence of spontaneous abortions, appearance of small-for-date babies, and genital disorders in body (cryptorchidism, phimosis, hypospadia, delayed sexual development).

[Statistics of lung, stomach and esophageal cancer: status of oncological care, morbidity and mortality]. / Statistika raka legkogo, zheludka i pishevoda: sostoianie onkologicheskoé pomoshchi, zabolevaemost' i smertnost'.

Lung cancer is the most common pattern of malignant neoplasms in males, gastric cancer ranks next. In the female pattern of cancer morbidity, gastric cancer is third in the incidence of tumors, pulmonary cancer occupies the 9th place. Esophageal cancer accounts for 3%. In the mortality pattern, lung cancer holds the lead in males and ranks 4th in females, gastric cancer is second in both sexes, esophageal cancer occupies the 7th place in males. In 1999 the standardized incidence rates of cancer of the lung were 64.8 and 6.8 in males and females, respectively. Those of the stomach and esophagus were 33.6 and 7.2 in males and 6.8 and 1.2 in females, respectively. There were tendencies for decreases in the morbidity and mortality of cancer at these sites in 1990 to 1999. The morphological verification of diagnosis of lung cancer does not reached 50%, this is higher for cancer of the stomach (71.6%) and esophagus (67.7%). There has been an increase in the proportion of patients with Stage IV disease in all tumor forms in question. The basic treatment for cancer of the stomach and lung was surgical (82.2 and 38.6%, respectively) and that for esophageal cancer is radiation (47.6%). As little as 10% of patients with gastric and lung cancer survive over 5 years. In esophageal cancer, this figure is much less (5%).

[Statistics of oncourologic diseases in Russia in 1996]. / Statistika onkourologicheskikh zabolevanii v Rossii v 1996 g.

The trends in male urinary and genital cancer morbidity and mortality are specified. Statistics on separate malignant urological diseases are provided. In 1996 the number of patients with cancer of male urinary and sex organs reached 31.700. A growth in morbidity was due rather to a higher risk to develop the disease than because of changes in the population age. Urological cancer reduces mean life span of Russian population by 2 months, and the patients' life terminates 10-19 years earlier. Financial losses due to deaths of urological cancer stand as high as 197 million roubles as estimated in 1990 prices.

[Statistics on oncological urologic diseases in Russia]. / Statistika onkourologicheskikh zabolevanii v Rossii.

Incidence rate of male urogenital cancer has increased for 1975-1993 by 138.7% reaching 27,700. The disease-specific trends in prevalence, morbidity and mortality are outlined. The rise in urogenital cancer incidence is attributed to higher risk to develop the disease rather than to growing percentage of the elderly among overall population. Mean lifespan of Russian population due to urological cancer mortality is cut by 2 months. Fatal cases live by 11-19 years less than healthy subjects. Economical losses because of deaths of urological cancer make up 187.3 million rubles in 1990 prices.

[Indicators of the state and effectiveness of cancer control in Russia]. / Pokazateli sostoianiia i éffektivnosti protivorakovoi bor'by v Rossii.

The paper analyses mortality rates due to malignant neoplasms and resultant socioeconomic losses, the risk of having and dying of these diseases throughout the coming life, the average longevity among cancer patients. These summarized indicators are considered by the authors as criteria for planning, managing, and implementing anticancer measures in the community.

[The statistics on malignant neoplasms of the urinary and male genital organs in 1987 in the USSR]. / Statistika zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii mochevykh i muzhskikh polovykh organov v 1987 g. v SSSR.

The USSR statistics on malignant neoplastic diseases of the urinary system and male sexual organs which comprised 5.7 per cent in the total mortality was presented for the first time. More than a 50 per cent increment in the death rate from these tumors was documented between 1975 and 1987. Annually, prostatic carcinoma is diagnosed in almost 10 thousand patients and cancer of the urinary bladder in 15 thousand patients. Maximal prevalence of the disease has been recorded in the Baltic republics, the Ukraine and Byelorussia. The detection rate of the aforementioned diseases, Stages I-II, is about 40 per cent. The estimate revealed that the total number of the registered oncological patients was 100 thousand persons. The problems in organization of the oncological care system, material and technical supplies and professional training should be considered.