The relation of innate and adaptive immunity with viral-induced acute asthma attacks: Focusing on IP-10 and cathelicidin

BACKGROUND: Despite growing evidence suggesting potential association between innate and adaptive immunity in viral-induced acute asthma, there is paucity of data in this area. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association of innate and adaptive immunity with acute asthma attacks by analysing the role of IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), TLR2, cathelicidin, vitamin D and cytokines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study included 33 patients with viral-induced acute asthma and 30 children with controlled asthma. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected for virus identification and asthma attack scores assessed in acute asthma group. Blood sampling for IP-10, TLR2, cathelicidin, vitamin D levels, and spirometric indices were employed. RESULTS: Serum IP-10 and cathelicidin levels of acute asthma group were significantly higher and vitamin D levels were lower than controlled asthma group (IP-10; p = 0.006, cathelicidin; p = 0.002, vitamin D; p < 0.001). Serum IP-10 levels showed a significant negative correlation with age (p = 0.009), TLR2 (p = 0.05) and spirometric indices (p = 0.002) in all asthmatics and a significant positive correlation with parameters of asthma attack severity (p = 0.03) in acute asthma group. Higher cathelicidin values showed significant positive relation to IP-10 (beta coefficient: 33, p = 0.02). Serum IP-10 levels higher than 38.9pg/ml (sensitivity: 85%, specificity: 47%, p = 0.002) were predictive of virus-induced asthma. Serum IP-10 and vitamin D levels were found to be significantly related to viral-asthma attacks (IP-10; aOR: 8.93, p = 0.03 and vitamin D; aOR: 0.82, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Innate immunity biomarkers such as serum IP-10 and cathelicidin can be used to predict viral-induced acute asthma. These biomarkers may provide potential new treatment targets for acute asthma

No disponible

The relation of innate and adaptive immunity with viral-induced acute asthma attacks: Focusing on IP-10 and cathelicidin.

BACKGROUND: Despite growing evidence suggesting potential association between innate and adaptive immunity in viral-induced acute asthma, there is paucity of data in this area. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association of innate and adaptive immunity with acute asthma attacks by analysing the role of IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), TLR2, cathelicidin, vitamin D and cytokines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study included 33 patients with viral-induced acute asthma and 30 children with controlled asthma. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected for virus identification and asthma attack scores assessed in acute asthma group. Blood sampling for IP-10, TLR2, cathelicidin, vitamin D levels, and spirometric indices were employed. RESULTS: Serum IP-10 and cathelicidin levels of acute asthma group were significantly higher and vitamin D levels were lower than controlled asthma group (IP-10; p=0.006, cathelicidin; p=0.002, vitamin D; p<0.001). Serum IP-10 levels showed a significant negative correlation with age (p=0.009), TLR2 (p=0.05) and spirometric indices (p=0.002) in all asthmatics and a significant positive correlation with parameters of asthma attack severity (p=0.03) in acute asthma group. Higher cathelicidin values showed significant positive relation to IP-10 (beta coefficient: 33, p=0.02). Serum IP-10 levels higher than 38.9pg/ml (sensitivity: 85%, specificity: 47%, p=0.002) were predictive of virus-induced asthma. Serum IP-10 and vitamin D levels were found to be significantly related to viral-asthma attacks (IP-10; aOR: 8.93, p=0.03 and vitamin D; aOR: 0.82, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Innate immunity biomarkers such as serum IP-10 and cathelicidin can be used to predict viral-induced acute asthma. These biomarkers may provide potential new treatment targets for acute asthma.

A novel amperometric biosensor based on artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) tissue homogenate immobilized in gelatin for hydrogen peroxide detection.

A biosensor for specific determination of hydrogen peroxide was developed by using homogenized artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) tissue in combination with a dissolved oxygen probe and applied in determination of hydrogen peroxide in milk samples. Artichoke tissue, which has catalase activity, was immobilized with gelatine by means of glutaraldehyde and fixed on a pretreated teflon membrane. The electrode response was maximum when 0.05 M phosphate buffer was used at pH 7.0 and at 30 degrees C. Upon addition of hydrogen peroxide, the electrode gives a linear response in a concentration range of 5.0-50 x 10(-5) M with a response time of 3 min. The method was also applied to the determination of hydrogen peroxide in milk samples.

Urate oxidase electrode based on dissolved oxygen probe for urine uric acid determination.

A biosensor for the specific determination of uric acid in urine was developed using urate oxidase (EC 1.7.3.3) in combination with a dissolved oxygen probe. Urate oxidase was immobilized with gelatin by means of glutaraldehyde and fixed on a pretreated teflon membrane to serve as enzyme electrode. The electrode response was maximum when 50 mM glycine buffer was used at pH 9.2 and 35 degrees C. The enzyme electrode response depends linearly on uric acid concentration between 5-40 microM with a response time of 5 min. The enzyme electrode is stable for more than 2 weeks and during this period over 35 assays were performed.

A mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) tissue homogenate based alcohol oxidase electrode for alcohol determination in serum.

To construct homogenized tissue based biosensors by using plant tissue materials is a relatively new development in the biosensor technology. In this study, a homogenized mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) tissue based electrode in which alcohol oxidase activity was developed by immobilizing with gelatin and cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde at dissolved oxygen probe for determination of ethyl alcohol. The electrode response depends linearly on ethyl alcohol concentration between 0.2 and 20 mM. In the optimization studies, phosphate buffer (pH 7.5, 50 mM) and 35 degrees C were obtained as the optimum conditions. By using the electrode prepared we have made approximately 60 measurements in 10-h period, and response time of the electrode is 2 min for each measurement.

Eggplant tissue homogenate-based bioselective membrane electrode for determination of catechol.

A novel eggplant tissue homogenate-based membrane electrode with high selective response to catechol (5 x 10(-6)-2.5 x 10(-5) M concentration) has been constructed by immobilizing tissue of eggplant (Solanum melangena L.) at dissolved oxygen probe. In order to optimize the stability of the electrode, general immobilization techniques are used to secure the eggplant tissue section physically in a gelatin-glutaraldehyde cross-linking matrix. The electrode response was maximum when 50 mM phosphate buffer was used at pH 7.0 and 35 degrees C. The sensor is stable for more than 3 months.

A new enzyme electrode based on ascorbate oxidase immobilized in gelatin for specific determination of l-ascorbic acid.

A biosensor for the specific determination of l-ascorbic acid in fruit juices and vitamin C tablets was developed using ascorbate oxidase (EC 1.10.3.3) from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in combination with a dissolved oxygen probe. Ascorbate oxidase immobilized with gelatin using glutaraldehyde and fixed on pretreated teflon membrane served as an enzyme electrode. The phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.5) and 35 degrees C were established as providing the optimum conditions. The biosensor response depends linearly on l-ascorbic acid concentration between 5.0x10(-5) and 1.2x10(-3) M with a response time 45 s. The biosensor is stable for more than 2 months, while more than 200 assays were performed. The results obtained for fruit juices and tablets were compared with DCIP (2,6 dichlorophenolindophenol) method.

A Novel Catechol Oxidase Enzyme Electrode for the Specific Determination of Catechol.

An enzyme electrode for the specific determination of catechol was developed by using catechol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) from eggplant (Solanum melangena L.) in combination with a dissolved oxygen probe. Optimization studies of the prepared catechol oxidase enzyme electrode established a phosphate buffer 50 mM at pH 7.0 and 35°C to provide the optimum conditions for affirmative electrode response. The enzyme electrode response depended linearly on a catechol concentration range of 5•10(-7)-30•10(-5) M with a response time of 25 sec and substrate specificity of the catechol oxidase electrode of 100%. The biosensor retained its enzyme activity for at least 70 days.