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INTRODUCTION: Staphylococcus aureus stands as the predominant etiological agent in postoperative acute prosthetic joint infections (PJI), contributing to 35-50% of reported cases. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dual prophylaxis incorporating cefuroxime and teicoplanin, in combination with nasal decolonization utilizing 70% alcohol, and oral and body lavage with chlorhexidine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of electronic health records regarding primary and revision arthroplasties conducted at our institution from 2020 to 2021. Relevant variables linked to prosthetic joint infections (PJI) were documented until the latest follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 539 operations (447 primary arthroplasties and 92 revision arthroplasties) were performed on 519 patients. There were 11 cases of postoperative acute PJI, resulting in infection rates of 1.6% for primary arthroplasties and 4.3% for revision surgeries. Infections were more prevalent in male patients, individuals with an ASA classification>II, and those undergoing longer operations (>90min). S. aureus was not isolated in any of the cases. CONCLUSION: The prophylactic measures implemented in our institution have exhibited a high efficacy in preventing postoperative acute PJI caused by S. aureus.
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Ochronosis is a rare genetic disease of phenylamine and tyrosine metabolism in which an accumulation of homogentisic acid occurs. The accumulation of HGA causes alkaptonuria and deposition in the connective tissue causing a dark colouring of the tissue. In the joints, it can lead to early and very disabling arthropathy, known as ochronotic arthropathy. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with ochronosis and ochronotic arthropathy of the left knee, in which we describe the intraoperative process with the macroscopic and microscopic anatomopathological findings. The patient made good progress after implantation of a total knee prosthesis (TKP), PS type, and was able to follow the same rehabilitation protocol used in patients without ochronotic arthropathy undergoing TKP. The patient showed improvement in the different functional scales, as well as disappearance of pain.
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Fosfomycin (FMT) was first isolated in 1969 and has gained popularity in the past few decades, specifically in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). A retrospective study was undertaken to study the pattern of FMT use in our outpatient clinics. Subjects were divided into guideline compliant (GC) and non-guideline compliant (NGC) groups, based on available guidelines. More than half of the subjects (51, 51%) fall in the NGC group. Diabetes was an independent risk factor for inappropriate FMT prescription. This represented an opportunity for antimicrobial stewardship in treating diabetic patients with uncomplicated UTI when this agent is chosen.
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Gestão de Antimicrobianos/métodos , Fosfomicina/administração & dosagem , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that duck feet are a rich source of gelatin extractable from avian sources. In this study, the physicochemical and functional properties of avian gelatin extracted from duck feet (DFG) with acetic acid were compared with those of commercial bovine gelatin (BG). RESULTS: The yield of DFG obtained in this study was 7.01 ± 0.31%. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that the imino acid content was slightly lower for DFG compared with BG (P < 0.05). Differences in molecular size and amino acids between DFG and BG were also observed. The isoelectric points of DFG and BG were at pH 8 and 5 respectively, and the overall protein solubility of BG was higher than that of DFG. Gels prepared from BG exhibited higher bloom strength, viscosity and clarity and were darker in colour compared with DFG gels (P < 0.05). The gelling and melting points of BG were 21.8 and 29.47 °C respectively, while those of DFG were 20.5 and 27.8 °C respectively. BG exhibited slightly better emulsifying and foaming properties compared with DFG. CONCLUSION: Although some differences between DFG and BG were observed, the disparities were small, which indicates that DFG could be exploited commercially as an alternative source of gelatin. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Bovinos , Patos , Gelatina/química , Ácido Acético , Aminoácidos/análise , Animais , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Pé , Iminoácidos/análise , Reologia , SolubilidadeRESUMO
Resistant starch type III (RS3 ) was produced from sago (Metroxylon sagu) and evaluated for its characteristics as a prebiotic. Two RS3 samples designated sago RS and HCl-sago RS contained 35.71% and 68.30% RS, respectively, were subjected to hydrolyses by gastric juice and digestive enzymes and to absorption. Both sago RS and HCl-sago RS were resistant to 180 min hydrolysis by gastric acidity at pH 1 to 4 with less than 0.85% hydrolyzed. Both samples were also resistant toward hydrolysis by gastrointestinal tract enzymes and intestinal absorption with 96.75% and 98.69% of RS3 were recovered respectively after 3.5 h digestion and overnight dialysis at 37 °C. Sago RS3 supported the growth of both beneficial (lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria) and pathogenic microbes (Escherichia coli, Campylobacter coli, and Clostridium perfringens) in the range of 2.60 to 3.91 log10 CFU/mL. Hence, prebiotic activity score was applied to describe the extent to which sago RS3 supports selective growth of the lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains over pathogenic bacteria. The highest scores were obtained from Bifidobacterium sp. FTDC8943 grown on sago RS (+0.26) and HCl-sago RS (+0.24) followed by L. bulgaricus FTDC1511 grown on sago RS (+0.21). The findings had suggested that sago RS3 has the prebiotic partial characteristics and it is suggested to further assess the suitability of sago RS3 as a prebiotic material.
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Arecaceae/química , Bifidobacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lactobacillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Prebióticos , Amido/química , DigestãoRESUMO
The molecular mass distribution, amino acid composition and radical-scavenging activity of collagen hydrolysates prepared from collagen isolated from the sea cucumber Stichopus vastus were investigated. ß and α1 chains of the collagen were successfully hydrolysed by trypsin. The molecular mass distribution of the hydrolysates ranged from 5 to 25 kDa, and they were rich in glycine, alanine, glutamate, proline and hydroxyproline residues. The hydrolysates exhibited excellent radical-scavenging activity. These results indicate that collagen hydrolysates from S. vastus can be used as a functional ingredient in food and nutraceutical products.
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Aminoácidos/análise , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Colágeno/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Stichopus/química , Alanina/análise , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Ácido Glutâmico/análise , Glicina/análise , Hidrólise , Hidroxiprolina/análise , Estrutura Molecular , Peso Molecular , Prolina/análiseRESUMO
In the weakly nonlinear limit, oceanic internal solitary waves for a single linear long wave mode are described by the KdV equation, extended to the Ostrovsky equation in the presence of background rotation. In this paper we consider the scenario when two different linear long wave modes have nearly coincident phase speeds and show that the appropriate model is a system of two coupled Ostrovsky equations. These are systematically derived for a density-stratified ocean. Some preliminary numerical simulations are reported which show that, in the generic case, initial solitary-like waves are destroyed and replaced by two coupled nonlinear wave packets, being the counterpart of the same phenomenon in the single Ostrovsky equation.
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BACKGROUND: Ficus racemosa Linn. (Moraceae) bark is a rich source of phenolic compounds known to possess potential antioxidant activity offering numerous health benefits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study evaluated the protective effects of sequential acetone extract of Ficus racemosa bark at two doses (FR250; 250 mg kg(-1) and FR500; 500 mg kg(-1) p.o.) against doxorubicin-induced renal and testicular toxicity in rats. RESULTS: Doxorubicin administration resulted in significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in total protein and glutathione concentrations, while increased (P ≤ 0.05) serum urea, creatinine and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Extract pretreatment restored biochemical parameters toward normalization. FR250 and FR500 decreased serum creatinine levels by 22.5% and 44%, while serum urea levels were decreased by 30.4% and 58.8%, respectively. Extract pretreatment (500 mg kg(-1)) decreased TBARS and increased glutathione levels in the kidney and testis to control levels. These observations were substantiated by histopathological studies, wherein normal renal and testicular architecture was restored in FR500 group. CONCLUSION: Doxorubicin exposure results in pronounced oxidative stress, and administration of F. racemosa stem bark extract offers significant renal and testicular protection by inhibiting lipidperoxidation-mediated through scavenging free radicals.
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BACKGROUND: Sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus) is considered an underutilized resource, since only its stomach and intestines are eaten raw as salad in a few countries and the remaining parts, especially the integument rich in collagen, is discarded. Hence a valuable by-product having potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications is wasted. In the present investigation, pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) from the integument of S. vastus was isolated, purified and characterized. RESULTS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis showed that the purified collagen was of type I, consisting of three α1 chains of approximately 122 kDa each. The peptide map of PSC digested by V8 protease was different from that of calf skin type I collagen. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the triple helical structure was well preserved in isolated collagen. The denaturation temperature of PSC was 21.23 °C and showed good gel-forming capability at pH 6.5 and 300 mmol L⻹ NaCl. CONCLUSION: It is inferred that the collagen isolated from S. vastus integument has potential for use as an alternative to land-based mammalian collagen in food, nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical industries.
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Colágeno/química , Proteínas Alimentares/análise , Tegumento Comum , Stichopus , Animais , Colágeno/economia , Colágeno/isolamento & purificação , Colágeno/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo I/química , Colágeno Tipo I/economia , Colágeno Tipo I/isolamento & purificação , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Cadeia alfa 1 do Colágeno Tipo I , Proteínas Alimentares/economia , Proteínas Alimentares/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Alimentares/metabolismo , Indústria de Processamento de Alimentos/economia , Géis , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Resíduos Industriais/economia , Malásia , Peso Molecular , Concentração Osmolar , Pepsina A/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/economia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Desnaturação Proteica , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Proteólise , Solubilidade , TemperaturaRESUMO
A binary mixture of starch-starch or starch with other biopolymers such as protein and non-starch polysaccharides could provide a new approach in producing starch-based food products. In the context of food processing, a specific adjustment in the rheological properties plays an important role in regulating production processing and optimizing the applicability, stability, and sensory of the final food products. This review examines various biopolymer mixtures based on starch and the influence of their interaction on physicochemical and rheological properties of the starch-based foods. It is evident that the physicochemical and rheological characteristics of the biopolymers mixture are highly dependent on the type of starch and other biopolymers that make them up mixing ratios, mixing procedure and presence of other food ingredients in the mixture. Understanding these properties will lead to improve the formulation of starch-based foods and minimize the need to resort to chemically modified starch.
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Biopolímeros/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Amido/química , Configuração de Carboidratos , Caseínas/química , Coloides/química , Misturas Complexas/química , Farinha , Tecnologia de Alimentos , Proteínas do Leite/química , Plantas/química , Viscosidade , Proteínas do Soro do LeiteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: C. asiatica was exposed to various fermentations: no fermentation (0 min), partial fermentation (120 min) and full fermentation (24 h). Total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of C. asiatica infusions were studied as a function of water temperature (60, 80 or 100 °C), the brewing stage (one, two or three) and the brewing time (1, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 min). The optimum brewing procedure was adopted to study the antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds in C. asiatica infusions. RESULTS: The optimum extraction efficiency of C. asiatica infusions was achieved at 100 °C after a 10 min brewing time, and decreased substantially after applying multiple brewing steeps. However, no significant different was found between the second and third infusions. The non-fermented C. asiatica (CANF) infusion had the highest antioxidant activity. Gallic acid, naringin, chlorogenic acid, catechin, rutin, rosmarinic acid and quercetin were identified to present. Luteolin and kaempferol were only found in 80% methanol extraction method. CONCLUSION: C. asiatica herbal teas should be prepared at 100 °C for 10 min to obtain the optimum antioxidant capacity. Multiple brewing steps in C. asiatica herbal tea are encouraged due to the certain amount of antioxidant obtained.
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Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Bebidas/análise , Centella/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Fermentação , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , TemperaturaRESUMO
The physicochemical and functional properties of ultraviolet (UV)-treated egg white protein (EW) and sodium caseinate (SC) were investigated. UV irradiation of the proteins was carried out for 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. However, the SC samples were subjected to extended UV irradiation for 4 and 6 h as no difference was found on the initial UV exposure time. Formol titration, SDS-PAGE, and FTIR analyses indicated that UV irradiation could induce cross-linking on proteins and led to improved emulsifying and foaming properties (P < 0.05). These results indicated that the UV-irradiated EW and SC could be used as novel emulsifier and foaming agents in broad food systems for stabilizing and foaming purposes.
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Caseínas/química , Proteínas do Ovo/química , Clara de Ovo/química , Emulsões , Raios Ultravioleta , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
The in vitro fermentability of sago (Metroxylon sagu) resistant starch type III (RS(3)) by selected probiotic bacteria was investigated. Sago RS(3) with 12% RS content was prepared by enzymatic debranching of native sago starch with pullulanase enzyme, followed by autoclaving, cooling, and annealing. The fermentation of sago RS(3) by L. acidophilus FTCC 0291, L. bulgaricus FTCC 0411, L. casei FTCC 0442, and B. bifidum BB12 was investigated by observing the bacterial growth, carbohydrate consumption profiles, pH changes, and total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced in the fermentation media. Comparisons were made with commercial fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), Hi-maize 1043, and Hi-maize 240. Submerged fermentations were conducted in 30 mL glass vials for 24 h at 37 degrees C in an oven without shaking. The results indicated that fermentation of sago RS(3) significantly (P < 0.05) yielded the highest count of Lactobacillus sp. accompanied by the largest reduction in pH of the medium. Sago RS(3) was significantly the most consumed substrate compared to FOS and Hi-maizes.
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Arecaceae/metabolismo , Bifidobacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Amido/metabolismo , Ácido Acético/metabolismo , Bifidobacterium/metabolismo , Ácido Butírico/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Fibras na Dieta/metabolismo , Fermentação , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Lactobacillus acidophilus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lactobacillus acidophilus/metabolismo , Probióticos/metabolismo , Propionatos/metabolismoRESUMO
In the present study, we investigated the physicochemical and functional properties of lotus seed flour exposed to low and high doses of gamma-radiation (0-30 kGy; the dose recommended for quarantine and hygienic purposes). The results indicated raw seed flour to be rich in nutrients with minimal quantities of antinutritional factors. Irradiation resulted in a dose-dependent increase in some of the proximal constituents. The raw and gamma-irradiated seeds meet the Food and Agricultural Organization-World Health Organization recommended pattern of essential amino acids. Some of the antinutritional factors (phytic acid, total phenolics, and tannins) were lowered with gamma-irradiation, while the seed flours were devoid of lectins, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, and polonium-210. The functional properties of the seed flour were significantly improved with gamma-radiation. gamma-radiation selectively preserved or improved the desired nutritional and functional traits of lotus seeds, thus ensuring a safe production of appropriate nutraceutically valued products.
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Farinha/análise , Irradiação de Alimentos/métodos , Lotus/química , Lotus/efeitos da radiação , Raios gama , Valor Nutritivo , Sementes/química , Sementes/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
The impact of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the physicochemical and functional properties of gum arabic was investigated. Gum arabic samples were exposed to UV irradiation for 30, 60, 90, and 120 min; gum arabic was also treated with formaldehyde for comparison. Molecular weight analysis using gel permeation chromatography indicated that no significant changes occurred on the molecular structure on the samples exposed to UV irradiation. Free amino group analysis indicated that mild UV irradiation (30 min) could induce cross-linking on gum arabic; this result was comparable with that of samples treated with formaldehyde. However, viscosity break down was observed for samples exposed to UV irradiation for longer times (90 and 120 min). All irradiated and formaldehyde-treated samples exhibited better emulsification properties than unirradiated samples. These results indicate that UV-irradiated gum arabic could be a better emulsifier than the native (unmodified) gum arabic and could be exploited commercially.
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Goma Arábica/química , Goma Arábica/efeitos da radiação , Raios Ultravioleta , Aminoácidos/análise , Fenômenos Químicos , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas , Emulsificantes/química , Formaldeído/farmacologia , Peso Molecular , Reologia , ViscosidadeRESUMO
The effects of oxidation by ozone gas on some physicochemical and functional properties of starch (corn, sago, and tapioca) were investigated. Starch in dry powder form was exposed to ozone for 10 min at different ozone generation times (OGTs). Carboxyl and carbonyl contents increased markedly in all starches with increasing OGTs. Oxidation significantly decreased the swelling power of oxidized sago and tapioca starches but increased that of oxidized corn starch. The solubility of tapioca starch decreased and sago starch increased after oxidation. However, there was an insignificant changed in the solubility of oxidized corn starch. Intrinsic viscosity [eta] of all oxidized starches decreased significantly, except for tapioca starch oxidized at 5 min OGT. Pasting properties of the oxidized starches followed different trends as OGTs increased. These results show that under similar conditions of ozone treatment, the extent of starch oxidation varies among different types of starch.
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Ozônio/química , Amido/química , Fenômenos Químicos , Manihot/química , Oxirredução , Solubilidade , Viscosidade , Zea mays/químicaRESUMO
Hemicelluloses from oil palm frond (OPF) were extracted using 3 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) for 4 h at 40 degrees C with stirring at 400 rpm to obtain hemicelluloses A and B. The total yield of the hemicellulose isolated from OPF was 33% (dry weight). Both hemicelluloses A and B were then subjected to hydrothermal treatment at 121 degrees C and 1.03 x 10(5) Pa for 10, 30, and 50 min. Physicochemical characterizations of hydrothermally treated hemicelluloses, such as Klason lignin content and reducing sugar content, were performed to study the effect of autohydrolysis processing on OPF-derived hemicelluloses. It was shown that Klason lignin content in hemicellulose A was higher than that in hemicellulose B and decreased after hydrothermal treatment. Hydrothermal treatment enhanced the solubility of hemicelluloses, which reflects their higher reducing sugar content. Monosaccharide analysis using HPLC showed that xylose was the predominant monosaccharide for both hemicelluloses A and B.
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Temperatura Alta , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Óleos de Plantas , Polissacarídeos/química , Arecaceae/química , Fenômenos Químicos , Lignina/análise , Monossacarídeos/análise , Óleo de Palmeira , Polissacarídeos/análise , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , ÁguaRESUMO
Power generation from biomass is an attractive technology that utilizes agricultural residual waste. In order to explain the behavior of biomass-fired fluidized bed incinerator, biomass sources from agricultural residues (rice husk and palm kernel) were co-fired with coal in a 0.15m diameter and 2.3m high fluidized bed combustor. The combustion efficiency and carbon monoxide emissions were studied and compared with those for pure coal combustion. Co-combustion of a mixture of biomass with coal in a fluidized bed combustor designed for coal combustion increased combustion efficiency up to 20% depending upon excess air levels. Observed carbon monoxide levels fluctuated between 200 and 900 ppm with the addition of coal. It is evident from this research that efficient co-firing of biomass with coal can be achieved with minimal modifications to existing coal-fired boilers.
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Agricultura , Carvão Mineral , Incineração , Resíduos Industriais , Centrais Elétricas , Conservação de Recursos Energéticos/métodos , TemperaturaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The measurement of blood cholinesterase activity is a useful tool for monitoring exposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Blood cholinesterase activity is measured colorimetrically or electrometrically. Recently, a simple and practical electrometric method has been described and validated for measuring blood cholinesterase activity in people and animals. The purpose of the present report was to use the modified electrometric technique for measuring blood (plasma, erythrocyte and whole blood) cholinesterase activities in apparently healthy human volunteers in Mosul, Iraq. METHOD: Cholinesterase activities in the plasma, erythrocytes, and whole blood of healthy male (n = 72) and female (n = 31) volunteers were measured by an electrometric method; the method involved the addition of 0.2 ml of blood sample to 3 ml of distilled water followed by 3 ml of barbital-phosphate buffer solution (pH 8.1). The pH (pH1) of the mixture was measured, and then 0.1 ml of 7.5% of acetylcholine iodide, as a substrate, was added. The reaction mixture was incubated at 37 degrees C for 20 minutes. The pH (pH2) of the reaction mixture was measured after the end of the incubation period. Enzyme activity was expressed as DeltapH/20 min = pH1- pH2 - (DeltapH of the blank). The blank was without the blood sample. Following in vitro inhibition of pseudo cholinesterase by quinidine sulfate, true cholinesterase activity was estimated in the plasma of the subjects. After in vitro addition of the organophosphate (chlorpyrifos and methidathion, 0.5 and 1 microM) and carbamate (carbaryl, 5 and 10 microM) insecticides to the reaction mixtures, inhibitions of blood cholinesterases were measured. RESULTS: Mean reference cholinesterase activities (DeltapH/20 min) in the plasma, erythrocytes, and whole blood of male subjects were 0.98, 1.39, and 1.41, respectively. Females were 0.85, 1.22, and 1.23, respectively. Ten minutes after in vitro addition of quinidine sulfate to inhibit pseudo cholinesterase activity in the plasma, the estimated true cholinesterase activities in males and females were 0.08 and 0.07 DeltapH/20 min, respectively. The percentage of true cholinesterase in the plasma of males and females was 8.2. Using the modified electrometric method, various percentages of cholinesterase inhibitions in the plasma, erythrocytes, and whole blood were detected after in vitro addition of the organophosphate insecticides (chlorpyrifos and methidathion) and the carbamate insecticide (carbaryl) to the reaction mixtures. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are the first collective report of human plasma, erythrocyte, and whole blood cholinesterase activities as determined by the modified electrometric method, and they could serve as reference points for future studies that involve human exposure to anticholinesterase pesticides.