RESUMO
Every year different industries generate numerous toxic environmental polluting agents throughout the world. Among the polluting agents, chromium (Cr) toxicity is a great concern nowadays. It is continuously released in soil and water, causing environmental and health problems thereby raising several public health issues in developing countries like Bangladesh. The primary goal of this study was to provide a bioremediation option to reduce toxic hexavalent chromium to a less toxic trivalent form by isolating chromium resistant bacteria from Cr contaminated environments. Bacterial isolates were obtained from seven tannery waste samples collected from Hazaribag and Hemayetpur, Savar, Dhaka. Twenty morphologically distinct colonies were screened, of which six showed the highest resistance. These were designated as A1, A2, B1, F1, K1, and P1. Their maximum tolerance to Cr (VI) was determined through growth assays in varying chromium concentrations up to 8000 mg/L on LB agar media. Strains A2 and B1 exhibited the highest resistances to chromium at 7700 mg/L and 7200 mg/L respectively. Bacterial strains A2 and B1 were identified through several biochemical tests and after PCR analysis finally identified as Bacillus sp. and Micrococcus sp. respectively. Their Cr (VI) reduction capabilities were assessed quantitatively using the diphenylcarbazide colorimetric assay. Both strains exhibit approximately 100% reduction of chromium from 100 mg/L concentration to non-toxic form within 48 h using accurate analytical methods. This study demonstrates the isolation of highly chromium-resistant bacteria from tannery waste that can efficiently bioremediate Cr (VI) pollution, thus providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective bioremediation approach.
RESUMO
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition of hyperandrogenism, chronic ovulation, and polycystic ovaries in females during the reproduction and maturation of the ovum. Although PCOS has been associated with metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity (OBE), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), Causal connection and molecular features are still unknown. Purpose: Therefore, we investigated the shared common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathways, and networks of associated proteins in PCOS and metabolic diseases with therapeutic intervention. Methods: We have used a bioinformatics pipeline to analyze transcriptome data for the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity (OBE), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in female patients. Then we employed gene-disease association network, gene ontology (GO) and signaling pathway analysis, selection of hub genes from protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, molecular docking, and gold benchmarking approach to screen potential hub proteins. Result: We discovered 2225 DEGs in PCOS patients relative to healthy controls and 34, 91, and 205 significant DEGs with T2D, Obesity, and CVD, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis revealed several significant shared and metabolic pathways from signaling pathway analysis. Furthermore, we identified ten potential hub proteins from PPI analysis that may serve as a therapeutic intervention in the future. Finally, we targeted one significant hub protein, IGF2R (PDB ID: 2V5O), out of ten hub proteins based on the Maximal clique centrality (MCC) algorithm and literature review for molecular docking study. Enzastaurin (-12.5), Kaempferol (-9.1), Quercetin (-9.0), and Coumestrol (-8.9) kcal/mol showed higher binding affinity in the molecular docking approach than 19 drug compounds. We have also found that the selected four compounds displayed favorable ADMET properties compared to the native ligand. Conclusion: Our in-silico research findings identified a shared molecular etiology between PCOS and metabolic diseases that may suggest new therapeutic targets and warrants future experimental validation of the key targets.
