RESUMO
In 1990, Saudi Arabia began vaccinating all children at school entry against hepatitis B. We evaluated hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence rate among pregnant Saudi women 12 years later in 5 regions of the country. Using multistage sampling, 2664 pregnant Saudi women were recruited. Blood samples were tested for HBsAg; positive samples were also tested for hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg). In all 2.44% were positive for HBsAg and 4 (0.15%) were also positive for HBeAg. HBsAg prevalence was highest in Gizan (4.2%) and lowest in Tabuk (1.4%). Positivity for women < or = 20 years of age was 0.5% compared with 2.6% for older women (P = 0.049). The overall HBsAg prevalence rate was lower than previously reported.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Causalidade , Estudos Transversais , Assistência Odontológica/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/sangue , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Vacinação em Massa/organização & administração , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/sangue , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Características de Residência , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/efeitos adversos , Reação TransfusionalRESUMO
In 1990, Saudi Arabia began vaccinating all children at school entry against hepatitis B. We evaluated hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] prevalence rate among pregnant Saudi women 12 years later in 5 regions of the country. Using multistage sampling, 2664 pregnant Saudi women were recruited. Blood samples were tested for HBsAg; positive samples were also tested for hepatitis Be antigen [HBeAg]. In all 2.44% were positive for HBsAg and 4 [0.15%] were also positive for HBeAg. HBsAg prevalence was highest in Gizan [4.2%] and lowest in Tabuk [1.4%]. Positivity for women < or = 20 years of age was 0.5% compared with 2.6% for older women [P = 0.049]. The overall HBsAg prevalence rate was lower than previously reported
Assuntos
Distribuição por Idade , Transfusão de Sangue , Portador Sadio , Causalidade , Estudos Transversais , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B , Hepatite BRESUMO
We carried out a follow-up study to investigate variation in short-term outcome for preterm infants in 2 hospitals in Buraidah. We compared gestational age, birth weight, head circumference at birth and length of stay. Outcome measures were weight gain/day, feeding pattern on discharge and feeding pattern 1 month after discharge. Mean weight gain was significantly higher in hospital A, 9.6 [+/- 19.7] g/day compared to -1.2 [+/- 29.5] g/day in hospital B [P = 0.049]. The proportion of infants exclusively breastfed 1 month after discharge was 37.5% in hospital B compared to 13.2% in hospital A [P = 0.0224]. There are clear hospital level differences in short-term outcome in the same region, emphasizing the need for continuous follow-up and evaluation of differences in a perinatal audit
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Peso ao Nascer , Tempo de Internação , Aleitamento Materno , Idade Gestacional , Métodos de AlimentaçãoRESUMO
We evaluated the safety of a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) immunization campaign for Saudi children (age range: 6-13 years) and gender differences in reporting post-MMR adverse events. After vaccinations were administered, we monitored 160 schools for 14 days and 19 hospitals in the 8 cities under study for 10 weeks. Incidence rates were: all MMR adverse events, 26.5/10,000 MMR vaccines (significantly higher in females than males); Urabe strain aseptic meningitis, 1.0/295,000; fever, 40.2/10,000 (females) and 0.9/10,000 (males); and parotitis, 5.4/10,000 (females) and 0.9/10,000 (males). Combined MMR vaccine containing the Urabe mumps strain was safe for children aged 6-13 years. Gender differences regarding reactogenicity were evident and should be considered when designing future studies.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Notificação de Reações Adversas a Medicamentos/normas , Coleta de Dados/normas , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Feminino , Febre/epidemiologia , Febre/etiologia , Humanos , Programas de Imunização/organização & administração , Incidência , Masculino , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola/metabolismo , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola/farmacocinética , Meningite Asséptica/epidemiologia , Meningite Asséptica/etiologia , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica , Parotidite/epidemiologia , Parotidite/etiologia , Vigilância da População , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Fatores de Risco , Segurança , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
We evaluated the safety of a measles-mumps-rubella [MMR] immunization campaign for Saudi children [age range: 6-13 years] and gender differences in reporting post-MMR adverse events. After vaccinations were administered, we monitored 160 schools for 14 days and 19 hospitals in the 8 cities under study for 10 weeks. Incidence rates were: all MMR adverse events, 26.5/10,000 MMR vaccines [significantly higher in females than males]; Urabe strain aseptic meningitis, 1.0/295,000; fever, 40.2/10,000 [females] and 0.9/10,000 [males]; and parotitis, 5.4/10,000 [females] and 0.9/10,000 [males]. Combined MMR vaccine containing the Urabe mumps strain was safe for children aged 6-13 years. Gender differences regarding reactogenicity were evident and should be considered when designing future studies
Assuntos
Sistemas de Notificação de Reações Adversas a Medicamentos , Coleta de Dados , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas , Febre , Programas de Imunização , Distribuição por Sexo , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica , VacinasRESUMO
Vaccines produced in accordance with WHO formulas, differ in concentration from those used in United States according to FDA formulas. We aimed to compare the immunogenicity of both formulas. Infants who were 6 weeks old were randomly put into 3 groups to receive 3 doses of vaccines at 6 weeks, 3 months and 5 months of age. The vaccines consisted of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and oral polio vaccine. Antibody levels for polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP), tetanus, diphtheria and poliovirus were measured 1 month after the third dose of vaccines. Although diphtheria and tetanus antigens in the FDA formula are half the concentration of the WHO formula, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antibodies were significantly higher. No difference was found between groups regarding oral poliovirus vaccine.
Assuntos
Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus , Farmacopeias como Assunto/normas , Vacina Antipólio Oral , United States Food and Drug Administration , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Bordetella pertussis/imunologia , Química Farmacêutica , Clostridium tetani/imunologia , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/imunologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/química , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/imunologia , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/normas , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/química , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/imunologia , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/normas , Haemophilus influenzae/imunologia , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Lactente , Poliovirus/imunologia , Vacina Antipólio Oral/química , Vacina Antipólio Oral/imunologia , Vacina Antipólio Oral/normas , Arábia Saudita , Fatores de Tempo , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Vaccines produced in accordance with WHO formulas, differ in concentration from those used in United States according to FDA formulas. We aimed to compare the immunogenicity of both formulas. Infants who were 6 weeks old were randomly put into 3 groups to receive 3 doses of vaccines at 6 weeks, 3 months and 5 months of age. The vaccines consisted of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and oral polio vaccine. Antibody levels for polyribosylribitol phosphate [PRP], tetanus, diphtheria and poliovirus were measured 1 month after the third dose of vaccines. Although diphtheria and tetanus antigens in the FDA formula are half the concentration of the WHO formula, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antibodies were significantly higher. No difference was found between groups regarding oral poliovirus vaccine
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Anticorpos Antivirais , Bordetella pertussis , Clostridium tetani , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus , Haemophilus influenzae , Farmacopeias como Assunto , Poliovirus , Vacina Antipólio Oral , United States Food and Drug Administration , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Accurate information about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important for their prevention. OBJECTIVES: This study is intended to assess knowledge on AIDS in students of secondary schools in Buraidah City and to measure the effect of a health education program on their knowledge about AIDS in general, modes of HIV transmission and the degree of their misperception about the transmission of the disease through casual contact. METHODOLOGY: A well-designed health education program using personal communication and visual media techniques was conducted for 483 secondary school students in Buraidah secondary schools during the year 1997. Pre- and post-tests were done to examine their knowledge about AIDS. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The results of this study pointed out that a health education program on AIDS for students of secondary schools greatly and significantly improved their scores on general knowledge on AIDS views on its transmission and misperception of AIDS (p < 0.01). Continuous in-ice programs for secondary students are recommended.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Educação em Saúde/organização & administração , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/organização & administração , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Recursos Audiovisuais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Arábia SauditaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Accurate information about Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is important for their prevention. OBJECTIVES: This study is intended to assess knowledge on AIDS in students of secondary schools in Buraidah city and to measure the effect of a health education program on their knowledge about AIDS in general, modes of HIV transmission and the degree of their misperception about the transmission of the disease through casual contact. METHODOLOGY: A well-designed health education program using personal communication and visual media techniques was conducted for 483 secondary school students in Buraidah secondary schools during the year 1997. Pre and post-tests were done to examine their knowledge about AIDS. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The results of this study pointed out that a health education program on AIDS for students of secondary schools greatly and significantly improved their scores on general knowledge on AIDS views on its transmission and misperception of AIDS (p<0.01). Continuous in-service programs for secondary students are recommended.
RESUMO
Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.
RESUMO
Accurate information about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] is important for their prevention.This study is intended to assess knowledge on AIDS in students of secondary schools in Buraidah City and to measure the effect of a health education program on their knowledge about AIDS in general, modes of HIV transmission and the degree of their misperception about the transmission of the disease through casual contact. A well-designed health education program using personal communication and visual media techniques was conducted for 483 secondary school students in Buraidah secondary schools during the year 1997. Pre- and post-tests were done to examine their knowledge about AIDS.The results of this study pointed out that a health education program on AIDS for students of secondary schools greatly and significantly improved their scores on general knowledge on AIDS views on its transmission and misperception of AIDS [p < 0.01]. Continuous in-ice programs for secondary students are recommended
