Primary Cutaneous Follicle Center Lymphoma Presenting as a Solitary Nodule on the Forearm of an Adolescent Girl: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCLs) are very rare to be seen in pediatric and adolescent age group, especially primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL) which is considered the least occurring main subtype. Here, we describe a 16-year-old girl who developed a slowly growing solitary firm smooth surfaced erythematous nodule over her forearm. Histopathological examination showed a dense dermal nodular, periadnexal and perivascular lymphoid infiltrate extending deep to the subcutis. Immunohistochemical staining showed a B-cell population with positivity for CD20, variable staining for BCL6 and CD10 and uniquely staining for BCL2. Although a primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) was considered but the presences of interfollicular BCL6 and CD10 positivity established the diagnosis of PCFCL. To our knowledge, only 12 cases of pediatric and adolescent PCFCL have been described in the literature.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Malva parviflora and their antifungal activity.

Cheeseweed mallow (Malva parviflora L.) was used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were classified by UV-vis Spectroscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The shape and size distribution were visualized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and Zeta potential analysis. The chemical composition of M. parviflora leaf extract was identified by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). Finally, in vitro antifungal assay was done to assess the potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and crude leaf extract of M. parviflora for inhibiting the mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi. The UV-vis analysis manifests the formation of silver nanoparticles. FTIR analysis established that chemicals of the leaf extract stabilized the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by binding with the free silver ions. The TEM, FE-SEM and zeta potential analyzer confirmed that the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were mostly spherical with an average diameter of 50.6 nm. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and leaf extract of M. parviflora effectively mitigate the mycelial growth of Helminthosporium rostratum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria alternata. The maximum reduction in mycelial growth by biosynthesized nanoparticles was observed against H. rostratum (88.6%). Whereas, the leaf extract of M. parviflora was most effective against F. solani (65.3%). Thus, the biosynthesis of nanoparticle assisted by M. parviflora is a feasible and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Further the silver nanoparticles and leaf extract of M. parviflora could be explored for the development of the fungicide.