Knowledge and management of first-aid skills between medical and non-medical students at King Saud University.

Objectives: The study aims to determine the knowledge of first-aid management in medical and non-medical students and how they will act in certain situations. Methods: A cross-sectional study has been conducted on a convenience sampling of 375 (medical and non-medical) students. The research proposal was approved by the IRB Committee of King Saud University. The data has been obtained randomly by a validated questionnaire in a sample of 381 participants. The questionnaire had items related to knowledge and management of first-aid skills. The study was conducted from August 2020 to May 2021 in King Saud University. Results: The participants in the current study were medical (53.02%) and non-medical students (46.98%). Overall results showed that all students possessed a good knowledge of first-aid management, but medical students possessed more knowledge in comparison to non-medical students. The awareness of students related to first-aid management was found to be 32.02% 'high', 56.43% 'middle' and 11.54% 'low'. Moreover, results illustrated that medical students are more interested to attend first-aid courses than non-medical students by 60.4% and 43.6% respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed the participants' knowledge and management were not adequate. A statistically significant association was found between being a medical student and having a high level of knowledge about first aid. Awareness campaigns must be conducted to increase awareness among the non-medical community about first-aid knowledge, and how it is essential for every individual.

Knowledge and practice of family medicine and internal medicine residents toward the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Accurate diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remain a challenge in the primary care setting. The objective was to assess GERD management's knowledge and practice and its association with the family and internal medicine residents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study between January 2019 and September 2020 among the family and internal medicine residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Residents answered a self-administrated questionnaire about knowledge and practices of GERD management. RESULTS: A total of 596 residents were included in the current study. The average age was 26.8 ± 2.1 years, and 54.5% of the residents were males. The median knowledge score was 62.5%. The majority (89.8%) of the residents were using acid suppression drugs empirically, mainly proton-pump inhibitors (75.8%), for <8-week durations (69.7%) being taken before meals (84.7%). Frequent diagnostic testing for GERD included urea breath test (50.7%), 24-hour pH-metry/24-hour pH probe (47.3%), and upper endoscopy with biopsy (40.7%). Frequent causes for referral included gastrointestinal bleeding (82.6%), weight loss/appetite loss (82.2%), and failure of therapy (78.7%). Better knowledge was associated with older age, family medicine training, better referral practices, frequent reporting of atypical symptoms, and reading recent guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: We are reporting a moderate knowledge level among a group of family and internal medicine residents trained in Riyadh hospitals. Practices were generally good with some areas that need improvement, especially diagnostic testing. There is an urgent need for educational programs that target family and internal medicine residents, such as education courses that include lectures and clinical discussions with the senior staff. Also, we suggest health care organizations in Saudi Arabia establish well-structured Saudi National GERD Guidelines.

Knowledge and attitude of Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among male primary school teachers, in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore teachers' knowledge about the ADHD, its origin, causes, and identify the main demographic variables affecting their knowledge. METHODS: The study was conducted among male school teachers of ten government primary schools that are found in different regions of Riyadh city, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We used a stratified random sampling technique to collect our sample with inclusion criteria of being male teachers who currently working in male government primary school and are directly involved on teaching of students. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software statistical program version 21. RESULTS: We received 400 response for our questionnaire, mostly younger than 40 years old. Most of teachers in this sample had a bachelor's degree, only 6% had diploma while 8% had a higher degree, while most of them had experience more than 5 years in teaching (74.2%). only 8%of teachers admitted that they had not heard about ADHD before. 78% of teachers had read about ADHD at least once before. This knowledge was more from reading books (32.8%) followed by reading internet websites (28.7%), TV/Media (14.6%) while magazine and social media represent (23.9%). Most of the teachers showed that they had attended courses/training about ADHD (76.7%) however only 40.4% of them thought that they had the enough information about the disease. 51.5% of teachers showed that they had already asked before to assess a child who was suspected to have ADHD and 65.3% had taught a child with the disease. CONCLUSION: From the results of this study, it is concluded that the knowledge regarding ADHD among elementary school teachers is suboptimal. Some teachers had misunderstanding about ADHD symptoms and general information, which indicated the further needing for courses to enhance this knowledge.

Perceived stress and eating behavior among residents in a teaching hospital.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the association between perceived stress and eating behavior among residents in a tertiary teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A total of 305 residents were invited from seven major specialties in King Saud University Medical City to participate in this cross-sectional study, and among them, 214 completed the questionnaire between April 2019 and January 2020. The questionnaire evaluated stress and eating behavior using the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, respectively. Moreover, items related to socio-demographic data, weekend coverage per month, night duties per month, fast food, snacks, and vegetables and fruits intake were included. RESULTS: We found a weak positive correlation at the significance level (P < 0.05) between the level of stress and both the clearly labeled emotions (0.184) and emotional eating (0.171). Furthermore, there was a significant effect of specialty, Wilk's Lambda =0.858, F (30, 814) =1.062, P = 0.030. Among residents who performed 4 to 6-night duties per month, a significant correlation existed between stress and abnormal eating behaviors. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated a positive correlation between stress, night duties, and abnormal eating behaviors. Furthermore, the results suggested unhealthy dietary habits and food choices among residents.

The prevalence of internet gaming disorder among medical students at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of internet gaming disorder (IGD) among King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia medical students and to determine the association of IGD with gender, age, academic achievement, amount of sleep, and accommodation. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between October 2019 and April 2020 on KSU medical students with a sample size of 281 medical students currently studying at KSU chosen by a stratified proportionate random sampling. The questionnaire contained the IGD short scale and questions eliciting demographic data. Results: The sample comprised of 228 responses. The prevalence of IGD was 8.8% (n=20), while 19.3% (n=44) of the participants were risky gamers. There was a significant association (p=0.0040) between IGD and gender, with 10.1% (n = 15) of males having IGD compared to 6.3% (n=5) of females. Additionally, 25% (n = 37) of males were risky gamers, as compared to 8.8% (n=7) of females. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of internet gaming disorder among KSU medical students, with higher frequency among males. However, there was no significant association between this disorder and age, sleep, academic achievement, or accommodation. Further studies are needed to explore risk factors.

Patient awareness about the indications and complications of sleeve gastrectomy.

OBJECTIVES: To assess patients' awareness of the indications and complications of sleeve gastrectomy in King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The cross-sectional study conducted from December 2017 to May 2018 in KKUH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia included all patients aged 18 years and older. Data collection was conducted through self-administered questionnaires. Chi-square test was performed to determine the significant differences between variables. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT: Of 480 participants, 247 (51.5%) of them were male. The educational level of most was bachelor's degree (253; 52.7%). Most of the participants (326; 67.9%) are not aware about BMI. However, 80 (16.7%) participants knew the true answer to obese BMI. Of the total participants, 283 (59.0%) did not knew about sleeve gastrectomy indications; however, 311 (64.8%) of the participants had heard about the complications of sleeve gastrectomy. All these results are correlated with the educational level of the participants. CONCLUSION: Our study shows a lack of awareness of sleeve gastrectomy indications and complications among study population. We need to increase public awareness about sleeve gastrectomy indications and complication by proper scientific health education in the community.

Sleep hygiene awareness: Its relation to sleep quality among medical students in King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Sleep hygiene (SH) is considered to be an effective method to treat sleep disturbances, especially among adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to find out the relationship of SH awareness and its importance in overall sleep quality among medical students and to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbance among them. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the College of Medicine, King Saud University during the period between April and July 2016. A total of 225 students participated in this study and were recruited by a convenience sampling method. Two validated questionnaires were used, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality and the Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS) to assess the awareness of students about SH. Data were entered into, and analyzed by SPSS Version 20. RESULTS: Overall, more than half of the participants, 113 (56.5%), had a poor sleep quality. Sixty one (30.5%) students got excellent score in SH awareness and the rest of the participants (n = 139; 69.5%) scored poor/intermediate. Thirty-five (57.4%) poor sleepers and 42.6% of good sleepers scored excellent in SH awareness. CONCLUSION: This study showed a higher prevalence of sleep disturbance among medical students and no significant correlation between SH awareness and good sleep quality, which means that SH awareness may not necessarily ensure a good sleep quality.

Family medicine residents' educational environment and satisfaction of training program in Riyadh.

BACKGROUND: Improving health outcome indicators worldwide needs well-trained family physicians, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is of no exception from that need. OBJECTIVES: To address the level of satisfaction and assess the educational environment among residents of family medicine (FM) in Riyadh city. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study; the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) was used to assess the educational environment for all FM residents in fully structured training centers that include all levels of residents in Riyadh during 2016. RESULTS: About 187 surveys were distributed and 140 were collected, with a response rate of 74.87%. Cronbach's alpha scored at 0.917 for overall items. Out of 160 maximum score, the overall score of the PHEEM was 86.73 (standard deviation [SD]: 19.46). The perception of teaching score was 33.11 (SD: 8.80) out of 60, the perception of role autonomy score was 28.60 (SD: 7.35) out of 56, and the perception of social support was 25.02 (SD: 5.43) out of 44. CONCLUSION: The educational environment is an important determinant of medical trainees' achievements and success. The results are better than what had been found in the previous studies, but more attention and effort should be done, especially for the poorly rated points in this study. We recommend a continuous evaluation and reconstruction of the Saudi Board of FM program, and such results could be a tool that might help in fostering better and stronger educational program.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice about first aid among male school teachers and administrators in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Children are more exposed to harm and have a higher risk. Teachers are facing many circumstances of students in schools, and this needs medical attention and perception of what to do. AIM: To assess the levels of knowledge of teachers and school instructors that live in the city of Riyadh related to basic first-aid practices and some variables which influenced these levels of information. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study which was conducted on teachers and school instructors in Riyadh, a questionnaire containing sociodemographic properties and the level of knowledge related to first-aid practices was applied under supervision. The level of perception was evaluated on a 25-point scale. This study was approved by the King Saud University School of Medicine. RESULTS: The mean score of knowledge about the first aid of the population was found to be 10.36. It was found that teachers who have good knowledge of first aid (≥15 out of 25 points) are 14.9% (N = 65). Also, it was found that first-aid scores of knowledge showed a significant difference in age and having received first-aid training. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that most of the teachers show weak knowledge of first aid and inappropriate response for common emergency scenarios. Also, the teachers who have training for first aid has a higher likelihood to respond better in those given scenarios, but the majority of the sample have not received any training to deal with those scenarios. We recommend that teachers must undergo a first-aid training program.

Social anxiety and its effect on self-efficacy among family medicine residents in Riyadh.

BACKGROUND: Social anxiety is a common disorder that characterized by fear of social situations. Social anxiety disorder causes several problems including alcohol abuse. Its prevalence is high, and it affects work and education. Self-efficacy influences any action the individual takes. AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of social anxiety disorder and its effect on self-efficacy on family medicine residents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 200 participants of family medicine residents; two validated scales were incorporated in one questionnaire to investigate the social anxiety and self-efficacy. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of social anxiety was low among family medicine residents, and there was no difference between the levels of anxiety and other demographics, there was a negative correlation between social anxiety levels and self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: There was a negative correlation between social anxiety and self-efficacy, where high levels of social anxiety were related to low levels of self-efficacy.

Mass Gathering Medicine New discipline to Deal with Epidemic and Infectious Diseases in the Hajj Among Muslim Pilgrimage: A Mini Review Article.

Mass Gathering Medicine is one of the new disciplines in Medicine which deal with all health aspects in overcrowded areas. Mass Gathering Medicine is an important new challenging discipline which needs to be supported by all concern experts such as the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ministries of health from all countries, universities, research centers, and all other experts in this field. Scientist and academic staffs from all countries should be encouraged to participate in narrowing the gap of knowledge for Mass Gathering Medicine. Postgraduate board or fellowship certificate should be encouraged internationally.

Blood pressure status during consultation: a primary care study.

INTRODUCTION: Blood pressure control needs to be assessed at a primary care level, which is the first contact with patients. AIMS: To evaluate blood pressure readings among patients visiting a primary care clinic at a teaching university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary care clinic at the King Khalid University Hospital from April to September 2013. Blood pressure readings were measured by trained nurses working in a primary care clinic during patients' visits. RESULTS: The study showed that only 33.6 % of participants had a normal blood pressure reading, and 49.3 % of participants were diagnosed as hypertensive patients. The study showed that 74.7 % do not exercise, and 45 % have high stress levels in their life. CONCLUSION: Uncontrolled blood pressure was common at this hospital-based primary care clinic, so it is recommended to educate primary care physicians to take care of blood pressure management and to educate and encourage patients about non-pharmacological advice like losing weight and coping with stress.

Cardiovascular risk factors among retired attendees visiting primary care clinics.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to highlight cardiovascular risk factors among retired attendees attending a primary care clinic, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted from Januaryto February 2013 at Primary Care Clinics of King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All retired attendees were interviewed by family physician, and their duration of retirement was determined. Their cardiovascular risk factors were confirmed from their medical records. The cardiovascular risk factors included history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking. Their weight and height were recorded during the consultation and Body Mass Index was calculated to decide about those classified as obesity ≥ 30 All data were entered and analyzed using statistical package of social science SPSS version 17 software. RESULTS: The present study showed that 19.5% of retired attendees presenting at primary care clinic were early retired before the age of 60 years, while 80.5% were normally retired. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors showed: Hypertension among 73% attendees, Diabetes Mellitus in 67%, dyslipidemia in 71%, Obesity 29%, and Smoking 13% of the patients. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that cardiovascular risk factors among retired attendees of a primary care clinic are common, and need to be taken in to priority consideration while improving the health care of retired people.

How can Saudi Arabia use the Decade of Action for Road Safety to catalyse road traffic injury prevention policy and interventions?

Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults worldwide. Nearly three-quarters of road deaths occur in developing countries and men comprise a mean 80% of casualties. The rate of road traffic accidents caused by four-wheeled vehicles is the highest globally reported road traffic accidents statistic. In Saudi Arabia, the motor vehicle is the main means of transportation with one person killed and four injured every hour. Over 65% of accidents occur because of vehicles travelling at excess speed and/or drivers disobeying traffic signals. Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to victims, their families, and to nations as a whole. Strategic prevention plans should be implemented soon by various sectors (health, police, transport, and education) to decrease the mortality and morbidity among adolescent and young age group. Strong and effective coordination between ministry of health and other ministries together with World Health Organization and other related organisations will be an important step towards implementing the international Decade of Action for Road Safety (2011-2020). The aim of this review article is to highlight some aspects of the health impacts of road traffic accidents.

Should an inquiry about sexual health, as a reflection of vascular health, be part of routine physicals for young men? Results from an outpatient study.

The objective of this study was to determine the cardiovascular risk factors among men with erectile dysfunction (ED) at a hospital-based primary care clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a primary care clinic in the King Khalid University Hospital (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), during the period from January to March 2009. Verbal consent was obtained from the attending patients. All patients attending a consultant primary care clinic were interviewed and asked about the presence of ED. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and smoking were determined during consultation. Data entry and analysis were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5. A P-value <0.05% was considered significant. A total of 264 men were studied. The estimated prevalence of ED was 18.9%, and only 28% of them had consulted their physician regarding their problem. The prevalence of ED increased with old age, 64% of men with ED were aged > or =60 years. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and smoking were common cardiovascular risk factors among men with ED. Using medications for chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia was common among men with EDs (98%). Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and smoking are common cardiovascular risk factors among men with ED. Early diagnosis and management of cardiovascular risk factors at an early stage might help to decrease the prevalence of ED. Facilitating patients to talk with their treating physicians regarding sensitive issues such as ED during consultation will help patients to seek proper and safe medical advice. Further research at multi-centres to study the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and ED is recommended.