RESUMO
Multiple myeloma is a cancer which is characterized by proliferation of malignant B-cells and plasma cell infiltration of bone marrow. Lytic lesions are one of its hallmarks, on radiological assessment. We report 2 cases who presented within 1 year to our hospital with bony lytic lesions on CT scan. They were investigated for multiple myeloma; however, there were no further features to suggest this. Both patients were confirmed to have prostate cancer. This is unusual as prostate cancer produces sclerotic lesions (unusual hardening or thickening of the bone).
RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death amongst women, several studies have shown significant association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer. The aim of this overview is to highlight some of the mechanisms by which alcohol consumption could increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Using online Medline search engine, article containing details about mechanisms which explain the link between alcohol and breast cancer were examined. A number of mechanisms were found by which alcohol could increase the risk of breast cancer, alcohol's interaction and effect on oestrogen secretion; number of oestrogen receptors; the generation of acetaldehyde and hydroxyl free radicals; cells migration and metastasis; secretion of IGF1 and interaction with HRT and folate metabolism. In conclusion, it is essential for clinicians to understand these mechanisms and inform patients of the link between alcohol and breast cancer. KEYWORDS: Breast cancer; Alcohol; Mechanisms.
