Depression stigma, depression literacy, and psychological help seeking attitudes among school and university students.

Very little research has specifically investigated depression stigma and its correlation with depression literacy and help-seeking attitudes among students. This study aimed to assess the levels and correlations of stigma, literacy, and psychological help-seeking attitudes related to depression among a sample of high school and university students in Jordan. A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design was employed using an anonymous, online, self-report survey. This study included a total of 650 students aged 16 to 24 years. The participants were found to have high levels of depression stigma, low levels of depression literacy, and negative attitudes towards seeking psychological help. The most frequently reported sources of psychological help were family members, relatives, and friends. A significant negative correlation was found between depression stigma and depression literacy. The predictive factors of depression stigma were depression literacy, age, gender, education, father's educational level, family size, and having history of mental health problems among family members, relatives, or friends. This study provides valuable information on the common mental health needs and concerns among students in Jordan. The findings also highlight the importance of developing and implementing depression awareness and prevention education campaigns for students in schools and universities. Such campaigns may increase students' knowledge about depression, enhance their use of mental healthcare services, and prevent or decrease their risk of developing depression.

Suicide literacy, suicide stigma, and psychological help seeking attitudes among Arab youth.

To date, very little is known about the current situation of suicide and its effects on psychological help-seeking attitudes in Arab countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the levels of suicide literacy and suicide stigma and their relationships with attitudes towards seeking psychological help among a sample of Arab youth in Jordan. A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous online self-report survey to collect data. This study included a total of 707 Arab youth aged 16-24 years (mean = 18.60, SD = 1.95). Most of the participants were male (n = 398, 56.3%). The participants were found to have very low suicide literacy levels, relatively high suicide stigma levels, and negative attitudes towards seeking psychological help. Family members, relatives, and friends were the most frequently reported sources of psychological help, while mental healthcare professionals were the least frequently reported sources. A significant negative correlation was found between attitudes towards seeking psychological help and both stigmatization and glorification subscales of suicide stigma. While a significant positive correlation was found between attitudes towards seeking psychological help and suicide literacy. The predictors of attitudes towards seeking psychological help were gender, suicide literacy, and glorification of suicide stigma among Arab youth. The results of this study confirm the presence of an urgent need for designing and implementing educational programs and awareness campaigns on suicide and mental health among youth in schools and universities. Such interventions may increase knowledge, decrease stigma, change psychological help-seeking attitudes, and hence improve the use of mental health services and may prevent suicide among this age group.

The perception of shared governance and engagement in decision-making among nurses.

BACKGROUND: Shared governance is a structural framework for operationalizing nursing ownership and accountability for nursing practice. Healthcare institutions are striving to promote healthy and satisfactory work conditions to retain their qualified personnel and achieve organizational stability and high care quality. However, little is known about nurses' participation in governance in developing countries. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the levels of shared governance, also known as professional governance, among nurses in Jordan. The demographics of the study participants will also be assessed. METHODS: The current study used a cross-sectional design implementing an anonymous online survey technique to collect data from 111 nurses on the Index of Professional Nursing Governance (IPNG). Descriptive statistics were performed to evaluate the nurses' perception of the concept of shared governance in the domains of personnel, information, resources, participation goals and conflict resolution, and practice. RESULTS: Among the 111 nurses, 55% of the participants were females, 45.5% were affiliated with governmental hospitals, and about half of them worked in critical care units. The analysis showed that the mean score for the total IPNG was 113 (SD = 26.28). The analyses of the mean scores of IPNG domains ranged from 11.5 (SD = 4.6) for goals and conflict resolution to 23.8 (SD = 5.7) for access to information. DISCUSSION: The results revealed that nurses' average perception of professional governance demonstrated shared governance, and more specifically, in the lower level of shared governance where decisions are made primarily by management with some staff input. Analysis of the domains of governance revealed that participants' scores corresponded with shared governance in the areas of information, resources, goals and conflict, and practice, while traditional governance was prevalent in the governance of nursing personnel and participation. CONCLUSION: There is an agreement on the need of moving the position of frontline nurses to the center of their organizations where equity, accountability, and ownership are the pillars of participative governance. Frontline nurses need further empowerment to be more actively engaged especially in the management of nursing staff and related structures and in the participation in structures connected to governance activities at different organizational levels such as in committees.

Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) Among Jordanian Adults.

There is an urgent need to assess the impacts of the Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) outbreak on mental health among the general population such as the Fear of COVID-19. The current study aimed to provide further validation of the Arabic version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) for use among Jordanian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous online survey between 1 and 12 May 2020. The forward-backward translation method was adopted to translate the FCV-19S into Arabic. The study sample included 725 Jordanian adults. The internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was 0.91 indicating excellent internal consistency. As for convergent validity, a significant positive correlation was found between the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and the three subscales of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), with the highest correlation being between the FCV-19S and the anxiety subscale (r = 0.54, p < .05), followed by the stress subscale (r = 0.51, p < .05), and lastly, the depression subscale (r = 0.46, p < .05). Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and item response theory (IRT). The unidimensional factor structure of the FCV-19S was confirmed on the study sample. The Arabic version of the FCV-19S is a reliable and valid instrument with good psychometric properties. The use of this scale for assessing the severity of fear related to the COVID-19 pandemic among Arabic-speaking populations is recommended. The findings may guide future COVID-19-related research and further validation testing.

Knowledge of Jordanian nurses and attitudes toward patients with suicidal attempt.

Nurses' attitudes toward attempted suicide may affect the quality of care provided to those patients. There is a significant relationship between suicide literacy level and stigmatizing attitudes toward suicide. This study aimed to examine nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward patients with suicidal attempts. A cross-sectional correlational design was used to guide this study, and data were collected using an online survey. The Stigma of Suicide Scale-short form (SOSS-SF) was used to measure stigmatizing attitudes toward suicide, while the Literacy of Suicide Scale (LOSS) was used to measure suicide literacy level. The sample consisted of 343 Jordanian nurses, and their mean age was approximately 31 years old. Only 58 (16.9%) nurses reported having suicide training. Nurses had low stigmatizing attitudes toward suicidal patients. Nurses showed low suicide literacy levels. Only 46% of nurses had scores equal to or higher than the passing score of the LOSS. Linear multiple regression was used to predict nurses' level of stigma toward suicidal patients. Among the four predictors entered in this analysis, only LOSS showed a significant and negative effect. This study highlighted the importance of suicide training and education for nurses because it may improve their attitudes, self-confidence, and professional practices when providing care for patients.

Psychological impacts during the COVID-19 outbreak among adult population in Jordan: A cross-sectional study.

In response to the initial outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the pandemic-related restraints and preventive measures implemented, the global population has been experiencing a wide range of immediate psychological reactions, such as fear and psychological distress. The present study aimed to assess the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of adults during the national lockdown implemented in Jordan. A quantitative, descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design was used. An anonymous online questionnaire was used to collect data on the participants' sociodemographic characteristics, the changes in daily life they had experienced, their fear of COVID-19, and their depression, anxiety, and stress levels. A total of 725 Jordanian adults aged 18-65 years (mean = 33.7, SD = 9.3) were included in this study, with most of the participants being female (n = 409, 56.4%). The majority of the participants reported changes in their daily routines and activities during the COVID-19 lockdown, with 62.8% of the participants reporting weight changes, 92% reporting increased social media use, and 86.5% reporting increased mobile phone use and checking. Further, 41.4% of the participants reported high levels of fear of COVID-19, while 41.8%, 24.5%, and 22.8% reported mild to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, respectively. Female participants had significantly higher levels of fear of COVID-19 and stress than did males. Fear of COVID-19 was significantly positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress scores. Anxiety, stress, gender, having physical disorders, and having mental disorders were identified as being significant predictive factors of fear of COVID-19. The findings of this study highlight the urgent need to pay further attention towards maintaining the psychological well-being of the public during this global crisis. The findings may guide the development of appropriate public health strategies aimed at promoting healthy living, improving mental health, and reducing fear and other psychological problems among at-risk groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the findings may guide further qualitative, longitudinal, and experimental studies both during and after the lockdown.

Depression, coping skills, and quality of life among Jordanian adults during the initial outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic: cross sectional study.

Little is known about the immediate psychological impacts of the national lockdown implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic on the general population in Arab countries like Jordan. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of depression, coping skills, and quality of life and their correlates among a sample of Jordanian adults aged ≥18 years during the COVID-19 lockdown implemented in Jordan. A quantitative, descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design was conducted using an anonymous online self-report survey to collect data on participants' demographics, depression, coping skills, and quality of life. This study included a total of 511 participants aged 18-65 years (mean = 30, SD = 10.6), most of whom were female (n = 333, 65.2%). About 65% (n = 332) of the participants were found to be suffering from depressive symptoms and 32% (n = 163) of them had moderate to severe depression levels. Religion, acceptance, and planning were the most frequently reported coping skills. The mean total quality of life score among all of the participants was 73.21 (SD = 16.17). Female participants had significantly higher levels of depression and lower levels of quality of life than male participants. Further, age was not found to be significantly correlated with depression, coping skills, or total quality of life scores. Depression scores were significantly positively correlated with coping skills and negatively correlated with total quality of life scores. No significant correlation was found between coping skills scores and total quality of life scores in this study. Being employed, holding an undergraduate degree, having chronic physical problems, and having mental health problems were found to be significantly associated with higher levels of depression. Holding a graduate degree, being a student, having military health insurance, not having mental health problems, and being a non-smoker were found to be significantly associated with lower coping skills scores. Being female, being educated to high school level or below, having mental health problems, and having family history of chronic physical problems were found to be significantly associated with lower total quality of life scores. This study provides valuable information on the psychological impacts of the national lockdown during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic on Jordanian adults. This information may help in the development of appropriate psychological interventions aimed at improving mental health and quality of life among at-risk groups during the COVID-19 pandemic.