Domestic violence and child maltreatment awareness among medical students at King Abdulaziz University Hospital.

Background: Violence is a critical public health problem resulting in more than 1 million yearly deaths. Clinical examination of the victim by a trained physician is vital for abuse discovery. Objective: The present study evaluated the medical students' awareness levels about the concept of violence with the help of a questionnaire. Participants and Setting: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study and was conducted among 243 medical students from the Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, from December 2018 to March 2019. Results: In our study, medical students showed good awareness of the concept of child violence, general violence, and female violence. The Internet was the primary source of knowledge about violence among female students, while the male students used social media. Almost three-fourths of the medical students wanted more information or training about violence. The male and female students shared a significant difference of opinion for a few categories like the concept of violence toward husbands, prevalence of violence, sources of knowledge, and having enough time to study violence. Conclusion: In conclusion, the medical students' current knowledge and attitude toward violence need to be better. Facing real-life situations can improve their awareness. Further, adding knowledge about violence to the curriculum would help the students to learn and deal with violent cases.

Can inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) be used to assess differences of CRBSI rates between non-tunneled femoral and jugular CVCs in PICU patients?

BACKGROUND: In children in the ICU, catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) have also been linked to mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. Although CRBSI poses many potential risks, including the need to avoid femoral access, there is debate regarding whether jugular access is preferable to femoral access in adults. Study reports support both perspectives. There is no consensus in meta-analyses. Children have yet to be examined in depth. Based on compliance with the central line bundle check lists, we aim to determine CRBSI risk in pediatric intensive care units for patients with non-tunneled femoral and internal jugular venous access. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with central venous catheters in the pediatric ICU of King Abdulaziz University Hospital between January 1st, 2017 and January 30th, 2018. For the post-match balance, we use a standardized mean difference of less than 0.1 after inverse probability treatment weighting for all baseline covariates, and then we draw causal conclusions. As a final step, the Rosenbaum sensitivity test was applied to see if any bias influenced the results. RESULTS: We recorded 145 central lines and 1463 central line days with 49 femoral accesses (33.79%) and 96 internal jugular accesses (66.21%). CRBSI per 1000 central line days are 4.10, along with standardized infections of 3.16. CRBSI risk differed between non-tunneled femoral vein access and internal jugular vein access by 0.074 (- 0.021, 0.167), P-value 0.06, and relative risk was 4.67 (0.87-25.05). Using our model, the actual probability was 4.14% (0.01-0.074) and the counterfactual probability was 2.79% (- 0.006, 0.062). An unobserved confounding factor was not identified in the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS: So long as the central line bundle is maintained, a femoral line does not increase the risk of CRBSI. Causation can be determined through propensity score weighting, as this is a trustworthy method of estimating causality. There is no better way to gain further insight in this regard than through the use of randomized, double-blinded, multicenter studies.

An Insight into the Current Understanding of Status Epilepticus: From Concept to Management.

Status epilepticus (SE), a subset of epilepsy, represents a debilitating neurological disorder often associated with alarming mortality and morbidity numbers. Even though SE is one of the extensively researched topics with conspicuous data available in the literature, a scientific gap exists in understanding the heterogeneous facets of the disorder like occurrence, definition, classification, causes, molecular mechanisms, etc., thereby providing a defined management program. Cognizance of this heterogeneity and scientific limitation with its subsequent correlation to the recent advancements in medical and scientific domains would serve not only in bridging the gap but also in developing holistic and prompt management programs. Keeping this as an objective, an extensive literature survey was performed during this study, and key findings have been shared. The present study provides a semantic and perspective synopsis toward acknowledging the diversified nature of SE and its variants with respect to their definition, classification, etiology, diagnosis, and management.