[Occurrence and radiological studies of different teat changes in milk cows]. / Vorkommen und röntgenologische Untersuchungen verschiedener Zitzenveränderungen bei Milchkühen.

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of different teat lesions in cows that cause obstruction of milk flow. 18,400 teats were palpated in Konya slaughterhouse. From these 1000 hard milking or obstructed teats were found (5.4%). Based on the radiographical results, distal 1/3, proximal 2/3, complete teat lesions and congenital obstructions were found in 70.1, 16.6 and 0.7% respectively.

[Udder health control of dairy cows in the area of Ankara (Turkey)]. / Eutergesundheitskontrolle von Milchkühen im Gebiet von Ankara (Türkei).

The udder health of dairy cows is necessary in order to serve the consumer with milk and milk products of perfect quality and sound hygiene. Also in districts where the dairy industry is less developed a better udder health can be obtained when certain hygiene rules are carried out in connection with simple diagnostic and therapeutic measurements.

Induction of oestrus in Saanen goats at early breeding season by intravaginal progesterone sponges (MAP) or by prostaglandin F(2)alpha injections. Effect on different age groups.

Twenty-one maiden and 29 pluriparous milking Ankara Saanen goats received either two i.m. injections of PGF(2)alpha (n=25) or intravaginal MAP sponges (n=25) early in November at the start of the breeding season. About twice as many pluriparous goats as maiden goats exhibited estrus after either treatment (87% vs. 47%). Breeding after this induced estrus caused pregnancies in 62% of the pluriparous goats, but only in 24% of the maiden animals. Maximal concentrations of progesterone were reached 11 days after the start of the MAP treatment. Progesterone declined to basal levels two to four days after sponge withdrawal. A significant slower progesterone increase also resulting in lower maximal concentrations could be observed in maiden goats. Luteolysis was evident in all animals within 24 h after PGF(2)alpha injection. Nine goats (six maiden and three pluriparous) did not exhibit Heat after the second injection and showed only a slow increase of progesterone. It seems that noncyclic animals are less sensitive to MAP treatment than to the first PGF(2)alpha injection. Goats at the beginning of the breeding season may react after a premature interruption of corpus luteum function (after second PGF(2)alpha injection) with delayed or inadequate follicular function.