MicroRNAs signatures, bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs, miRNA mimics and antagonists, and miRNA therapeutics in osteosarcoma.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) involved in key signaling pathways and aggressive phenotypes of osteosarcoma (OS) was discussed, including PI3K/AKT/MTOR, MTOR AND RAF-1 signaling, tumor suppressor P53- linked miRNAs, NOTCH- related miRNAs, miRNA -15/16 cluster, apoptosis related miRNAs, invasion-metastasis-related miRNAs, and 14Q32-associated miRNAs cluster. Herrin, we discussed insights into the targeted therapies including miRNAs (i.e., tumor-suppressive miRNAs and oncomiRNAs). Using bioinformatics tools, the interaction network of all OS-associated miRNAs and their targets was also depicted.

Effect of high tibial osteotomy on hip biomechanics in patients with genu varum: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of proximal tibia osteotomy on hip biomechanics. METHODS: This cohort study was conducted on 50 knees of 37 patients divided into two groups of unilateral and bilateral surgeries during 2015-2016. Patients underwent medial open-wedge osteotomy of proximal tibia. Axial alignment of lower limb radiography was carried out for the patients before and after the osteotomy. RESULTS: Findings from unilateral and bilateral high tibial osteotomies demonstrated that the average of greater trochanter (GT) angle from femoral head center and also the average angle of knee varus were significantly decreased (P = 0.001). Although not statistically significant, the average angle of the mechanical axis of lower limb showed an increase in unilateral osteotomy (P = 0.889) and a decrease in bilateral osteotomy (P = 0.887). The average angle of pelvic obliquity after unilateral osteotomy increased significantly (P = 0.001) but showed no statistically significant difference in bilateral osteotomy (P = 0.631). CONCLUSION: High tibial osteotomy significantly affects the GT and causes the downward replacement of GT and consequent shortening of the abductors moment arm, increased hip joint reaction force, and reduction of the shear force on the femoral neck.

Results of surgically treated talar fractures.

OBJECTIVE: Talar fractures present a great challenge to surgeons due to poor treatment outcome and high incidence of sequelae. The purpose of this study was to report the surgical treatment outcome of displaced talar fractures treated by internal fixation. METHODS: A total of 30 patients with a mean age of 38 years presenting with talar body or neck fractures were studied retrospectively to assess postoperative outcome based on American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot scale. RESULTS: Postoperatively, malunion was found in 18 cases, infection in 5 cases and avascular necrosis in 12 cases. There were 12 cases with subtalar arthritis and 18 cases with both subtalar and malleolar arthritis. The average score of questionnaire was 64+/-12. Functional score was 53+/-15 and pain score was 65+/-13. Range of motion failure was detected as 15+/-4. CONCLUSION: Talar injuries can compromise motion of the foot and ankle and result in poor prognosis on long-term evaluation. Late complications subsequent to surgically treated talar body fractures are inevitable, and patients are supposed to be counseled about the adverse outcome.